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RICHARD WARNER AS VIEWED BY KALM. 
BY BENJAMIN DAYDON JACKSON, R.N.O. (SWEDEN) ; HONSSPH YD: 
ETC. 
ETER KALM (1716-1779) was one of Linnzus’s foremost 
pupils, “‘studiosus primarius’”’ was the epithet used 
by the Swedish naturalist of him ; he travelled at the expense 
of Baron S. C. Bjelke in Sweden, Finland and Russia. In 1747, 
upon Linnzus’s powerful initiative, Kalm was commissioned 
to embark on a journey to North America, which was com- 
pleted in 1751. Previous to his departure, he was nominated 
the first occupant of the new Chair of Economy in the University 
of Abo, Finland, and took up his duties soon after his return to 
Europe, discharging them until his death. 
On his way out he had to wait six months in England for a 
ship to Philadelphia, largely owing to the insecurity at sea due 
to the War of the Austrian Succession. During this enforced 
stay in our country, he not only acquired an excellent knowledge 
of English but travelled in the neighbourhood of 
London, to observe the farming appliances and customs, 
with the view of improving agricultural practice in Finland. 
He was most active in procuring seeds for Linneus at Uppsala 
and in cultivating a friendship with prominent cultivators, par- 
ticularly with Richard Warner (1711-1775), of Woodford, Essex, 
and Philip Miller (1691-1771), of the Apothecaries’ garden at 
Chelsea. The extracts which are appended are translated from 
the letters which have been recently published in the 8th volume 
of the first section of the Linnean correspondence issued by the 
University of Uppsala with the help of the Swedish Govern- 
ment. Forty-one letters from him to his revered professor are 
printed in this volume but only one from Linneus. Kalm 
explained that he had sewn up Linnzus’s letters into a volume, 
and this probably perished in the terrible fire which devastated 
the town and University of Abo in 1827. 
Attention has been recently directed to a list of American 
seeds which Kalm drew up on his return home; see Journ. 
Bot., \x. (1922), pp. 334-5. 
LonpDON, 24TH Marcu, 1748. 
“From the Royal Academy of Science fin Stockholm] I received the 
address of Herr Abraham Spalding, to supply me with what I wanted ; if 
