BULLETIN OF THE BUSSEY INSTITUTION. at) 
there is starch enough stored up in maple trees in the autumn to 
account for all the sugar and the physiological work that is 
exhibited by these trees in the spring. But the results here 
recorded make it evident that mannan, as well as some starch, is 
stored as reserve food in the wood of the sugar maple. It may 
be remarked yet again that the old idea that large quantities of 
starch are stored in the wood of trees in the winter, arose from 
the employment of improper methods of estimating starch by 
chemists at the middle of the last century. 
2. The apparent absence of mannan from the wood of the 
gray birch, the poplar, and the willow. Of course, the negative 
results obtained in these cases cannot be regarded as proof posi- 
tive of the entire absence of mannan. From the mere fact that 
they are negative, these results can carry no such conviction of 
certainty as do the positive results obtained in the case of the 
sugar maple, for example, for these last were simply unmistakable 
and admitted of no shadow of doubt or uncertainty; but it is 
safe to say that the observed absence of mannan from the wood 
of the trees now in question shows clearly that some of the 
chemico-physiologic processes, which-occur in the wood of these 
trees, must be of different character from those that occur in the 
maple tree and in coniferous trees. 
3. The detection of mannan in orange peel, but not in orange 
seeds. 
4. The occurrence of small quantities of mannan in the tuberous 
roots of the Jerusalem artichoke, as an adjunct to inuline. 
5. The detection of mannan in horse-chestnut seeds, as an 
adjunct to starch. 
6. The presence of mannan in the storage roots of chicory, 
dandelion, and asparagus; and 
7th, and perhaps most important of all, the presence of but a 
small quantity of mannan in the seeds of the white pine and the 
Norway spruce, although the wood of these trees and of other 
pine trees contains an abundance of mannan, as had been shown 
already hy the experiments of several other chemists beside 
myself. The poverty of the pine seeds was brought out very 
clearly on attempting to estimate quantitatively the mannan in 
the wood of pine trees felled at different seasons of the year, as 
well as that in the seeds of this pine. To this end, samples of 
