ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF CULTIVATED RICE. 21 
connection between the colour of the hulled grain and the colour of every 
part of the unhulled grain. But such colours may be made use of as 
marks of distinction of varieties. 
(8) The colour of the stem and leaf. 
The usual colour of the stem and leaf is green which turns greenish 
yellow towards maturity but there are a tew rices, the stem and leaf of 
which show a dark violet colour. Such rices are found cultivated in 
oriental tropical countries and China, and in Japan only for the sake 
of curiosity, under the name of violet-rice, black-rice or erow-riee. The 
violet-rice contains in the epidermis of the plant a certain violet colour- 
ing matter which almost entirely covers the colour of the chlorophyl in 
the young stages, but becomes thinner towards maturity, the colouring 
matter being taken away by rain, ete. The peculiarity of the colour of 
such rice of course necessitates their being classified as a group by them- 
selves and I. Inacaxr and S. Tanaka so esteemed them, that they placed 
the violet-rice as one of the largest divisions in the non-glutinous rice. 
The writer however does not consider it of such importance, because varie- 
ties of such rice are very rare and have no practical importance, nor do 
they show any sign of becoming important in future. He places the 
group among that having dark purplish brown husks, because the husk 
of the violet-rice has this colour. 
(9) Long-glumed rice. 
The empty glumes of the common rice are small and their length 
is usually less than one-third of the flowering glumes. A few rices how- 
ever have very long empty glumes, the length of which mostly exceeds 
that of the flowering glumes. This rice is called the long-glumed rice. 
The long-glumed rice is cultivated in oriental tropical countries, South 
America, China and Japan. S. Tanaxa laid much stress upon the in- 
vestigation of it. He supposed it to be a descendant of an original 
long-glumed form, which has already passed away. Thus he classified it 
as one of the greatest divisions among the cultivated rice. He said that 
