qe 
74 
white and red flowers in May and June,—Don’s 
rose, 2. Doniana, inhabiting the hedges of va- 
rious parts of Britain, attaining an average 
height of about 4 feet, and carrying pink flowers 
in May and June,—the alpine rose, &. alpina, 
introduced from Switzerland in the latter part 
of the 17th century, carrying pink flowers in 
June and July, and comprising at least a dozen 
well-defined varieties, differing from one another 
in height, in colour of flower, in habit, and in 
other characters,—and the double sulphur rose, 
R. sulphurea, introduced from the Levant in the 
former part of the 17th century, attaining an 
average height of about 3 feet, carrying yellow 
flowers in July, and constituting a beautiful and 
much-admired object, but remarkable among 
roses for great shyness and difficulty of cultiva- 
tion.—The briar-roses, which possess considerable 
affinity to the Scotch roses, though they consti- 
tute a different family in the horticultural clas- 
sification, and also a distinct subgenus in the 
botanical arrangement, are noticed in the article 
Briar (SWEET). 
The villous rose or apple rose, 2. villosa, grows 
wild in the hedges of various parts of Britain, 
and in most parts of Continental Europe. Its 
average height is about 6 feet; its shoots are 
strong and bold, and have a smooth reddish bark, 
and readily distinguish it in winter from all other 
roses; its prickles are thinly placed, and very 
strong and sharp; its leaves are large and very 
hairy, and have a downy under-surface ; its flowers 
are red or pink, and bloom in June and July; and 
its fruit are as large as small apples, and are be- 
set all over with soft prickles, and give the plant 
a singular appearance, and, when preserved, 
make a very pleasant sweetmeat.—Four other 
indigenous species belong to the same subgenus 
as the villous rose,—the slender, 2. gracilis, in- 
habiting highland glens, attaining an average 
height of about 8 feet, and carrying red flowers 
in June and July,—and the rougher, the various- 
leaved, and the downy-leaved, &. scabriuscula, 
LR. heterophylla, and R. tomentosa, all inhabiting 
hedges, and attaining an ordinary height of 
about 6 feet, and carrying pink flowers in June 
and July.—tThe Irish rose, 2. hibernica, and the 
white rose, 7. alba, also belong to this subgenus, 
—the former peculiar to Ireland, and inhabiting 
thickets in that country, and having an ordinary 
height of about two feet, and carrying pink 
flowers from June till November,—and the latter 
introduced to Britain from the Crimea toward 
the close of the 16th century, and having an 
ordinary height of about 4 feet, and characterised 
by green shoots, glaucous green leaves, prickly 
petioles, hispid peduncles, and smooth, oval ger- 
mens, and comprising many garden varieties of 
all colours from pure white to a bright but deli- 
cate pink. 
The Provence rose or hundred-leaved rose, A. 
centifolia, was introduced to Britain from the 
South of Europe toward the close of the 16th 
ROSE. 
century. It is the prince of flowers, and has for 
ages been an universal favourite, and is culti- 
vated in almost every region of the civilized 
world, and has a place in all sorts of gardens 
from the poorest to the most magnificent; yet it 
cannot be certainly traced to its origin,—though 
it is variously said by some rare ancient and 
modern writers to grow indigenously in Mace- 
don, in China, and in Northern Persia. It com- 
prises some very distinct varieties, and a great 
multitude of subvarieties and hybrids; and it 
may be regarded as having the well-known old cab- 
bage rose as its type. Its stem is branched and 
bushy and about 3 feet high; its leaves are com- 
pound, and have rough footstalks, and comprise 
each two or three pairs of leaflets, and a ter- 
minating odd one, all on very short petioles; its 
leaflets are broad, oval, smooth, and serrated,— 
deep green above, hairy below, and purple on 
the edges; and its flowers are large, and stand 
on brownish bristly footstalks, and have semi- 
pinnate calyx segments, and very numerous, ex- 
tremely fragrant, beautiful, pale red petals, and 
bloom from June till August. The petals of this 
rose are distilled with water for yielding the ex- 
quisitely odorous attar of roses, one of the richest 
and most costly perfumes; and they at the same 
time strongly impregnate the water with their 
odour, and yield the well-known rose water of 
perfumers and druggists. The petals are like- 
wise used in medicine; they have a sweetish, 
subacidulous, and eventually somewhat bitterish 
taste; they possess slightly laxative properties ; 
and they are made up with sugar into a syrup, 
which is given along with other gentle aperients 
to infants. —The moss-rose, and the pompone 
rose,—the former characterised by the mossy 
appearance of its peduncle and its calyx, and 
both comprising many most beautiful -subvarie- 
ties—are simply varieties of the Provence rose, 
and botanically bear the names of respectively 
R.c. muscosa and R.c. pomponia. But the hybrid 
Provence roses, constituting a large family in 
the common horticultural arrangement, are In- 
termediate between the Provence rose and the 
French rose, and have the dense foliage of the 
one and the long shoots of the other. 
The French rose, 2. gallica, grows naturally 
in most parts of Continental Europe, and was 
introduced to Britain toward the close of the 
16th century. It belongs to the same subgenus 
as the Provence rose. Its stems rise two or three 
feet high, and are erect and almost destitute of 
prickles; its leaflets are subacute, and not so 
large as those of the Provence rose, and scarcely 
tomentose below; and its flowers are not so 
double as those of the Provence rose, and have 
large, widely open, deep rich crimson coloured 
petals, and bloom in June and July. About two 
*hundred varieties and subvarieties are cultivated 
in gardens; and they are distributed by some 
cultivators into two groups,—the one with self- 
coloured and shaded flowers, and the other with 
