Ee ED 
re 
SANDAL-TREE. 
Hebrides, Inner and Outer,” says Mr. Clark of 
Ulva, “shell sand is to be found; and if used 
along with the kelp weed which there abounds 
so very much, crops of potatoes, bere, and oats 
might be raised more than sufficient to supply 
the wants of the dense population of these islands, 
and render them independent of the supplies 
of meal which they annually import from the 
Low Country.” Transportations of it, either from 
entirely barren districts, or from districts where 
it is little appreciated, to some fine agricultural 
districts at even such remote distances as 150 or 
200 miles, might in many instances be found 
both enriching to the proprietors and promotive 
of the general interests of agriculture; and such 
a traffic on a small scale, and to comparatively 
short distances, was begun a number of years 
ago, in some parts of the Hebrides. 
Sea-sand of an entirely different kind from all 
ordinary calcareous sand, yet scarcely inferior to 
it in fertilizing power, occurs in some low and 
slightly sloping beaches which are rich in cockles, 
mussels, and other molluscs. This sand of itself 
may be principally silicious; but it contains so 
considerable a proportion of organic matter, and 
particularly of broken shells and living molluscs, 
as to be more or less powerfully manurial. A 
sand of this sort is used, with excellent effect, 
by the farmers all around Morecambe Bay, as a 
material of composts for their wheat and barley 
crops,—commonly in the proportion per acre of 
about 26 small one-horse carts of the sand, about 
4 of lime, and about 10 of farm-yard manure. 
SANDAL-TREE,—botanically Sandoricum In- 
dicum. An Indian, white - flowered, evergreen, 
timber-tree, of the order Meliacee. It consti- 
tutes a genus of itself. It has naturally a height 
of about 40 or 45 feet. 
SANDAL-WOOD,—hotanically Santalum. A 
genus of exotic, ligneous, monochlamydeous 
plants, constituting the type of the natural or- 
der Santalacee. The plants of this order are 
either trees or shrubs or herbs, with inconspicu- 
ous and uninteresting flowers ; and most are na- 
tives of India, Australia, and Southern Africa,— 
and the rest of Kurope and North America. Six or 
seven hardy herbaceous species, 7 or 8 hardy lig- 
neous species, and 8 or 10 greenhouse and hothouse 
species have been introduced to the gardens and 
botanical collections of Britain. Only 3 or 4 of 
the introduced species belong to the sandal-wood 
genus ; but one of these, Santalwm album, is the 
most interesting in the whole order. This plant 
is a tall evergreen shrub, or small evergreen tree, 
of India; and furnishes the well-known white 
sandal- wood of commerce. This wood has a 
slightly bitter taste, and a sweet aromatic fla- 
vour ; and possesses mild sudorific properties ; 
and is in considerable request as a perfume. It 
is used by the people of India, also, for a variety 
of medicinal purposes, and as a material for small 
articles of fancy cabinet-work. 
SANDBOX-TREE. See Asvapan. 
fa a CCN PA Rn en 
SANDPIPER. 
SANDORACK. A perpendicular crack or fis- 
sure on the side or quarter of the horse’s hoof. 
In the fore-feet, it almost always occurs on the 
inside, on account of that part being the weak- 
est ; and in the hind-feet, it sometimes or even 
commonly occurs in the toe. In some cases, it 
does not extend to the sensible parts; and in 
others, it somewhat strongly affects them, and 
causes considerable lameness. It arises some- 
times from a constitutional or a temporary brit- 
tleness of horn,—sometimes from such a tread 
or other injury as impedes the secretion of the 
horny matter of the hoof,—and very generally, 
in the case of the fore-feet, from such an unnatural | 
elevation of the toe as occasions the horse, in 
acts of special exertion, to make a great pressure | 
on the point at which the crack occurs. The 
common therapeutic treatment of it is to sepa- 
rate the divided part of the hoof from the grow- 
ing part with a rasp or a firing-iron, and,i no 
inflammation be present, to seal up the place 
with some pitchy compound, and to chamber out 
the substance immediately beneath so as to pro- 
duce relief from the pressure of the shoe. But 
Mr. Blaine recommends, as an additional means 
of completing the cure, and of preventing the 
formation of a new crack or disjunction before 
the growth of horn is perfected, to smear some 
melted shoe-maker’s wax all over the hoof,—to 
bind neatly, evenly, and firmly upon it, while it 
is yet liquid, about 3 yards of tape, in such a way 
as to include as much of the hoof as may be 
within the turns,—to fasten off with a hard 
knot,—to smear the whole over again with more 
wax,—and to smooth it all to an even surface, 
and rub it over with a little lard or other greasy 
substance. 
SAND-DRIFT. See Sanp and Downs. 
SANDERLING. A genus of birds of the lon- | 
girostrous family of Gralle. They are closely al- 
lied to the sandpipers, but have no thumb. The 
common species, Calidris arenarta or Charadrius 
calidris, is somewhat plentiful on the sandy sea- 
shores of Great Britain and Ireland. Its length 
is about 8 inches. In winter, its plumage is a very 
light ashy grey above, white in front and under- 
neath, and blackish varied with white in the 
wings ; and in summer, the back is spotted with 
fawn-colour and black, and the breast is dotted 
with blackish colour. This bird frequents the 
sea-margin, and feeds on shrimps, sea-wornis, and 
slender crustaceze. 
SAND-LAND. See Sayp.and Sort. 
SAND-MARTIN. See Marrin, 
SANDPIPER,—scientifically 7ringa. A genus 
of birds of the longirostrous family of Gralle. 
Their bill is depressed at the end, and commonly 
not longer than the head; their nasal fosse are 
very long; their slightly bordered toes are de- 
void of membranes at the base ; their thumb can 
scarcely reach the ground; and their whole figure 
is comparatively short, and their legs moderately 
long.—The carte or common sandpiper, 7ringa 
