a NE IN a a | 
fa RIO RET I NE aE 
larger and paler than those of the summer savory, 
and bloom in Juneand July. This plant is used 
for the same purposes as the summer savory, and 
has also some small medicinal reputation as an 
aromatic. It thrives best on poor dry soil, and 
may be propagated from slips or cuttings, planted 
in April or June, on a shady border, and the 
young plants must be transplanted to distances 
of 12 inches, and the grown plants kept bushy 
by cutting. Qne planting will serve for several 
years. 
SAVOY, or Savor-Cappace,—botanically Bras- 
sica Oleracea Bullata Major. A well-known vari- 
ety of the common cabbage. See the article 
CaBBacE. It is distinguished from the common 
bolling cabbages, or the varieties of B. 0. capittata, 
principally by the puckering of its leaves. It is 
one of the prime winter vegetables, and well 
merits the attention of every person who has a 
kitchen garden, whether large or small. It com- 
prises three subvarieties,—the large yellow, the 
green, and the smaller green; and the last of 
these is the hardiest. 
- The savoy must be sown early in spring, and 
treated similarly in the seed-bed to other spring- 
sown cabbages. In England, the transplanting 
| of it, for the main winter supply, is commonly 
done at two or three periods in July; but in 
Scotland, this work sheuld be commenced at an 
earlier period, and completed by the middle of 
that month. The soil for savoys should be rich 
in quality and rather light in texture, and ought 
to be well digged and pulverized. “ Draw drills 
er shallow trenches about 30 inches apart; tread 
along the drills or press them with a broad pole, 
till the soil become smooth and compact; then 
plant the savoys 18 inches asunder, filling the 
holes with water and fixing the roots firmly 
in the soil. After they have become established, 
and begun to grow, the spaces will require the 
hoeings and diggings which are so essential to the 
progress of plants of all the cabbage family. As 
winter approaches, the earth ought to be brought 
up to and about the stems. If the planting be 
done in open, manured trenches, in dry weather, it 
will not only secure the growth of the plants, but 
greatly tend to protect them from frosts during 
winter. Savoys are not considered to be in per- 
fection, till they have been exposed to a degree 
of frost; but they will ever after be fit for the 
table throughout the winter months.” 
SAW-DUST. Any kind of saw-dust may be 
very profitably converted to manuring purposes, 
either by using it for litter, and setting it up to 
ferment in mixture with about an equal quan- 
tity of common farm-yard manure, or by making 
a compost of it with about one-tenth of its bulk 
of lime, and with additions of road-scrapings 
and any similar substances, and allowing the 
compost heap to stand about three years before 
being used. Both of these preparations of saw- 
dust have been found, by actual trial, to be very 
good manure for turnips; and wherever saw- 
SAW-FLIKS. 
(147 
dust is employed in composts in any greater pre- 
ponderance than we have indicated, or even in 
the mere degree which we have indicated, it might 
probably receive powerful aid from a top-dress- 
ing of nitrate of soda. 
sprinkling of fresh oak saw-dust on gravel walks, 
effectually prevents the growth of weeds. 
SAW-FLIKS. A large and mischievous family 
of hymenopterous insects. It possesses a deep 
interest to foresters, gardeners, and farmers, on 
account of the ravages which its larvae make 
upon their crops,— particularly upon amenta- 
ceous trees, the most common fruit shrubs, and 
all sorts of turnips. The type of the family is 
the genus Tenthredo; and the scientific name 
of the whole, is therefore Tenthredinete. 
The saw-flies are easily recognised by the con- 
tinuousness of their abdomen with their thorax, 
—by the ragged appearance of their wings,—by 
two little rounded, granular, and usually coloured 
bodies situated behind the scutellum,—and by 
their sluggish disposition and heavy port. Their 
abdomen is cylindrical throughout its length, 
and rounded posteriorly, and comprises nine 
annuli, and is so closely and completely joined 
to the thorax as to look to be continuous with 
it; their antenne differ, as to both form and 
composition, in different species ; their mandibles 
are elongated, compressed, strong, and dentated ; 
their palpi comprise six joints, and are filiform 
or nearly setaceous; their ligula is straight, 
rounded, and divided into three double portions, 
the intermediate of which is the narrowest ; 
their wings are always divided into numerous 
cells; and their ovipositor, or egg-depositing in- 
strument possessed by the females, isdouble,move- || 
able, squamous, serrated, and pointed, and lies 
within a case or sheath of two concave lamina, 
and is the particular object referred to in the 
name saw-flies. “This instrument has been 
variously described by authors, according to the 
view they have respectively taken of it, and the 
different species in which they happened to ex- 
amine it; but it consists essentially of two pieces 
moving upon each other, which are smooth on 
their internal sides, but serrated externally with | 
sharp oblique strize and elevated lines; these 
parts being strengthened and supported by a 
kind of sheath composed of several pieces. When 
this instrument is made to act on the surface of 
a leaf, or a tender shoot, the lateral teeth act as 
a saw, while the ridges at the same time per- 
form the office of a file or rasp. Some of the 
flies make a simple series of slits, others two 
series close together, a single egg being placed 
in each. Sometimes the incisions are made 
along the outer edge of a leaf, at others along the 
longitudinal ribs, and in some instances, the eggs 
are merely attached by a gummy substance 
to the surface. Not only does the saw make the 
necessary openings, but it irritates the wound to 
such a degree as to cause an overflowing of the 
sap; and this sap, in certain instances, is im- 
A coating or thick | 
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