gorgeous flower - gardens. 
————_—_—- 
SAXIFRAGE. 
It is an evergreen, 
and blooms from, April till June. “The roots 
are perennial. The leaves are oblong, oval, and 
placed circularly at bottom; they have broad, 
flat, furrowed footstalks near 2 inches long; they 
are deeply crenated on their edges, which are 
white. The stalk rises about a foot high, is of a 
purple colour, stiff, slender, and hairy; it sends 
out from the side on the upper part several short 
footstalks terminated by white flowers spotted 
with red. The stamina are longer than the 
petals of the flower, as are also the two styles,— 
and these have red stigmas.” 
The following species grow wild in both Eng- 
land and Scotland,—The intermediate, S. media, 
on mountains, purple-flowered, a foot high, and 
blooming from April till June; the toothed, S. 
dentata, on mountains, white - flowered, a foot 
high, and blooming in May and June; the starry, 
S. stellaris, on the banks of mountain rivulets, 
white-flowered, 3 or 4 inches high, and blooming 
in June and July; the grain-rooted, S. granulata, 
on meadows and pastures, white-flowered, a foot 
high, and blooming in May; the aizoon-like, S. 
aizoides, on the banks of mountain rivulets, yel- 
low-flowered, 5 or 6 inches high, and blooming in 
July and August; the autumnal, S. awtumnalis, 
similar in height and colour of flower and time 
of blooming to the preceding; the opposite- 
leaved, S. oppositifolia, on mountainous rocky 
ground, purple-flowered, 1 or 2 inches high, and 
blooming in March and April; the five-cleft, S. 
quinquefida, on mountains, white-flowered, 6 
inches high, and blooming in May and June; 
the three-fingered, S. tridactylites, on walls, white- 
flowered, 3 or 4 inches high, and blooming in 
April and May; and the moss-like, 8. hypnotdes, 
on dry rocks, white-flowered, 3 or 4 inches high, 
and blooming from April till June. All these 
species are fibrous-rooted evergreen herbs, except 
the three-fingered and the grain-rooted, the for- 
mer of which is an annual, and the latter a 
tuberous-rooted perennial. 
The following species grow wild in England or 
Wales, but not in Scotland,—The hirculus saxi- 
frage, S. hirculus, in turf-bogs, yellow-flowered, 6 
inches high, and blooming in August; the de- 
ceptive, S. decipiens, in moist places, white- | 
flowered, 3 or 4 inches high, and blooming in | 
May and June; the fine-leaved, S. leptophylla, on 
the Welsh mountains, white-flowered, 6 inches 
high, and blooming in May and June; and the 
turfy, S. cespitosa, on very lofty Welsh moun- 
tains, crimson-flowered, 3 or 4 inches high, and 
blooming in May and June. The first of these 
four species is an annual-stemmed perennial, and 
the other three are fibrous-rooted -herbaceous 
evergreens. 
The following grow wild in Scotland, but not 
in England or in Wales,—The snowy, S. nivalis, 
on lofty Highland mountains, white-flowered, 3 
or 4 inches high, and blooming in June and July; 
the dissimilar, 8. dissimilis, on the banks of the 
SCAB. 153 
rivulets of Ben-Nevis, white-flowered, 5 or 6 
inches high, and blooming in June and July; the 
drooping, S. cernua, on lofty Highland mountains, 
white-flowered, 3 or 4 inches high, and blooming 
in July; the brook, S. rivularis, on Highland 
mountains, white-flowered, 1 or 2 inches high, 
and blooming in June and July; the pedatifid, 
S. pedatifida, on Highland mountains, white- 
flowered, 6 inches high, and blooming in May 
and June; the dwarfish or the musky, S. pyqmea, 
on Highland mountains, white and yellow flower- 
ed, 1 or 2 inches high, and blooming in May and 
June; the stripped, 8. denudata, on lofty ground, 
white-flowered, 3 or 4 inches high, and blooming 
in May and June; the broad-petaled, S. platy- 
petala, on rocky mountainous ground, white- 
flowered, a foot high, and blooming in June; the | 
hairy, 8. hirta, on lofty Highland mountains, | 
white - flowered, a foot high, and blooming in 
June; the longish-stalked, S. elongella, on High- 
land mountains, white-flowered, a foot high, and 
blooming in April and May ; the lively-green, S. 
letevirens, on lofty ground, white- flowered, 6 
inches high, and blooming in May and June; 
the dense, S. condensata, on mountains, white- 
flowered, 3 or 4 inches high, and blooming in 
May and June; and the pretty, the mossy, the | 
clammy, and the narrow-leaved varieties of S. 
hypnotdes, on mountains, white-flowered, 6 inches 
high, and blooming in May and June. All these 
peculiarly Scotch kinds are herbaceous ever- 
greens. 
The following species grow wild in Ireland, 
but not in Britain,—The incurved-leaved, S. in- 
curvifolia, on rocks, white-flowered, 3 or 4 inches 
high, and blooming in May and June; the po- 
lished, S. yodvta, on mountains, white-flowered, a 
foot high, and blooming in May and June; the 
geum, S. gewm, on mountains, white-flowered, a 
foot high, and blooming in June and July ; the 
elegant, S. elegans, a rare species, quite recently 
become known; and the hirsute, S. hirsuta, on 
mountains, flesh-colour flowered, a foot high, and 
blooming in May and June. All these five spe- 
cies are herbaceous evergreens. 
SAXIFRAGE (Burnet). See Burner Saxr- 
FRAGE. 
SAXIFRAGE (Goxpey). 
FRAGE. 
SCAB. A loathsome and troublesome disease 
in sheep, analogous to itch in man and to mange 
in horses and cattle. See the articles Acari-and 
Mayer. It is highly contagious and exceedingly 
mischievous, and always gives great annoyance 
upon a stock-farm, and sometimes causes con- 
siderable mortality. It may originate in filth 
and poverty ; and, when once it gets among a 
flock, it is rapidly propagated by actual contact, 
See Gorpren SaAxi- 
and by the sound sheep lying upon the spots and 
rubbing upon the posts which have been touched 
by the affected. It generally first reveals itself 
to the shepherd by the sheep becoming so itchy 
as to rnb themselves upon posts or rocks or walls 
