EO 
eee eee ee eee eee r 
SEWERAGE, 
of these to Stanley-bridge, of the capacity of 6 
feet by 43. This sewer will run considerably 
deeper than either of the sewers it will intercept, 
and will be formed in the London clay, and com- 
pletely covered in, so as to afford a perfect pro- 
tection against the effluvia that proceed from 
the sewers as they now exist. Hach sewer will 
be connected with the company’s sewer by means 
of a shaft, with a shute, so that whenever they 
are not needed, the contents of the sewer may be 
sent through their former channel, and a grating 
at the mouth of the shaft will prevent the flow- 
ing in of solid substances. At Stanley-bridge 
this intersecting sewer will find its terminus, 
and there will the works of the company be 
stationed. The machinery is extremely simple. 
At the extremity of the sewer will be a tank, or 
well, from which the contents will be pumped, 
by means of a steam-engine of considerable power, 
inte pipes precisely similar to those used by the 
water companies for conveying clean water. 
These mains will run along the high road, with 
branch mains into the side roads, and thence on 
either side, by means of service pipes, will the 
sewerage water be distributed to all who may 
desire to avail themselves of it; still observing 
precisely the plan by which the water companies 
carry the clean water through the streets of 
London. And much in the same manner as they 
supply the very summits of our houses with these 
mains, does the Metropolitan Sewerage Manure 
_ Company propose to supply the gardens and farms 
that lie on either side of their mains; with this 
difference in favour of the latter, that they have 
not to force the water up to the tops of high 
houses, but only along fields that are level, or 
almost so. And thus far, at least, there is no- 
thing experimental or doubtful or difficult in 
the plan. The only novelty lies in the proposed 
manner of distributing the sewerage water to 
the soil, after it is conveyed to the immediate 
neighbourhood of the garden or farm by the 
mains running along the roads; and even this is 
done somewhat in the mode of the service pipes 
for the distributing of gas, Suppose a market 
gardener to desire a supply; a pipe will pass 
from the main into his garden; and there will 
be placed a stand-pipe, similar to those erected 
in all the streets in London for the use of the 
water-carts. If his gardens be large, he can 
erect at a very trifling cost as many stand-pipes 
as convenience and the saving of labour in con- 
veyance of the sewerage may require. Thence 
he will be enabled to take an unlimited supply, 
at all seasons and at all hours, of the most fer- 
tilizing manure in the world! But upon farms, 
and where extensive grounds are to be manured, 
a singularly simple contrivance is to be adopted, 
_ by which the sewerage will be thrown over the 
land at the most trifling cost for labour, and 
with an uniformity and apportionment of quan- 
tity to the requisites of the soil, at present un- 
i and indeed impracticable. The simple 
universal use for fire-engines. 
SHADDOCK. 177 
means for effecting this is the hose-pipe now in 
This pipe is per- 
fectly flexible, so that it can be carried over 
hedges or walls, and laid in any direction, and 
yet offering so little resistance to the fluid, that 
in an experiment made at the New River Head, 
with a pressure considerably less than that. pro- 
posed for the company’s works, after passing 
through half-a-mile of hose-pipe, the jet from 
the mouth was thirty feet, and so powerful that 
it would have knocked a man down at a distance 
of five yards. But a hose-pipe of a quarter of a 
mile in length will suffice for the purposes of any 
farm, for that would permit the stand-pipes to 
be placed half-a-mile apart. Thus, then, when a 
farmer desires to manure his farm thoroughly, 
he has only to fix the hose-pipe to the stand- 
pipe: the former, being perfectly flexible, will 
run over hedges or gates—up hill and down dale ; 
and in the field required to be manured, nothing 
more will be necessary than for one man to take 
in his hand the end of the pipe, from which will 
flow a jet from twenty to thirty feet, and play it 
upon the soil as easily as he would a watering- 
pot upon a flower-bed. And in this manner will 
one man be enabled to manure two acres and a 
half per day with more ease, and with tenfold 
more efficiency, than, with the present methods, 
five men could manure the same area in four 
days. The saving in labour alone will be enor- 
mous. And the price, too, will be a great con- 
sideration; for the present price of manure in 
the neighbourhood of London, laid upon the field, 
but not spread, is about ten shillings per ton, 
and the coast of spreading it adds about sixpence 
per ton; but the company will be enabled to 
supply the sewerage at the price of sixpence per 
ton; and as one man will be enabled to manure 
two acres in a day, the total coast of the manure 
and the spreading will be only from sevenpence 
to eightpence per ton. Another important ad- 
vantage is, that the sewerage manure will afford 
a supply of water during summer, and serve for 
occasional irrigation during droughts. There 
can, therefore, be no doubt that it will be eagerly 
taken by the farmers, but still more so by the 
market gardeners, who now pay as much as from 
£15 to £20 per acre for manure. 
SEYMERIA. A genus of ornamental exotic | 
plants, of the figwort family. Two hardy annual 
species, the fine-leaved and the pectinated, both 
about a foot high, and carrying yellow flowers in 
July and August, have been introduced to Bri- 
tain from North America. 
SHACK. Waste corn left in the fields; alot 
live stock feeding on stubble land; also, ul § in 
an unenclosed state similar to that of a common. 
But the word, in all the senses, is provincial. 
- SHADDOCK,—botanically Citrus Decumana. 
A tropical evergreen fruit-tree, of the orange 
genus. It is a native of India, and was intro- 
duced thence to the orangeries of Britain in 
1724; but it has long been naturalised and ex- 
M 
\ 
