424. TEREBINTHACE. 
been introduced to British collections from Ja- 
maica. . 
TEREBINTHACEA. A natural order of lig- 
neous, calyciflorous plants, represented by the 
turpentine-tree or Pustacia terebinthus. See the 
article Pistacuia-TrEen. This order is some- 
what nearly allied to the Leguminose ; yet has 
very indeterminate botanical characters, and 
consists wholly of trees and shrubs, with bal- 
samiferous resin, alternate exstipulate leaves, and 
inconspicuous flowers. Their resin is very abun- 
dant, and resides chiefly in the bark and leaves, 
and is the principal character by which the limits 
of the order are determined. About 60 hothouse 
species, nearly 70 greenhouse species, and be- 
tween 20 and 30 hardy species, occur in British 
collections; and they are distributed into 7 
tribes or suborders, and into nearly 30 genera. 
The types of the tribes are plants of the genera 
anacardium, rhus, bursera, connarus, spondias, 
eneorum,and amyris. Many of the species, in spite 
of the inconspicuousness of their flowers, and for 
the sake chiefly of the beauty of their foliage, 
rank high as ornamental plants; a considerable 
number, such as the pistachia and the cachew, 
the mango and the spondias, are valuable for 
their fruits; many are serviceable, in ways widely 
different from one another, to medicine and the 
arts; and some, such as Amyris toxifera, and 
several species of sumach, possess very acrid and 
poisonous properties. The balsam of Mecca is 
obtained from Balsamodendron gileadensis; the 
balm of Acouchi, from Icica heterophylla; Vene- 
tian turpentine, from Pistacia terebinthus ; various 
kinds of gum, from Jevca leptophylla, Amyris 
elemifera, Pistacia lentiscus, and Pistacia atlantica; 
most fragrant incense, from Boswellia serrata, 
Amyris batsamifera, Canarium commune, and se- 
veral species of Jcica ; excellent and valuable 
varnishes, from Jcica guianensis and several spe- 
cies of Rhus; and medicinal preparations or 
economical substances of several kinds, from 
other species of Rhus. 
TERMINALIA. A genus of ornamental, tro- 
pical, evergreen, greenish-flowered trees, of the 
combretum order. Nearly twenty species, chiefly 
about 20 feet in ordinary natural height, and all 
loving a soil of peaty loam, and propagable from 
cuttings, have been introduced to the hothouse 
botanical collections of Britain; and about a 
dozen more are known. One division of the ge- 
nus has drupes compressed at the margins, and 
winged or much attenuated,—and another has 
dry or baccate drupes of ovate or sub-compressed 
form, with round and angulately sulcate puta- 
men; and two species belonging respectively to 
the two divisions, and serving as a fair specimen 
of the whole genus, are described in the articles 
CaTAPPAN and CHEBULA. 
TERNSTRGIMIA. A genus of ornamental, 
tropical, thalamiflorous, ligneous plants, consti- 
tuting the type of the natural order Ternstree- 
miacee. ‘his order is nearly allied to the ca- 
TETANUS. 
mellias and the tea-plants, and exhibits a strict 
identity with them in general appearance, and 
consists wholly of trees and shrubs, with beauti- 
ful, white, yellowish, or reddish flowers. About 
a dozen hothouse species, 4 or 5 greenhouse spe- 
cies, and 6 or 7 hardy species, occur in British 
collections, and are distributed among 11 or 12 
genera. Four species of the genus ternstroemia, 
all evergreen shrubs of about 6 feet in height, 
blooming in the latter part of summer and early 
part of autumn, and propagable from cuttings, 
have been introduced to Britain from the West 
Indies and the tropical parts of South America ; 
and nearly a dozen other species are known. 
TERRIER. See Dos. 
TESTICLES. The two glandular bodies which 
are contained in the scrotum of a male animal. 
In all species, they are formed in the abdomen; 
and in many, as in birds, they always remain 
there; but in others, as in the young colt, they 
remain during only a short time after birth, and 
then gradually descend to the scrotum,—and 
they carry with them thither a covering or in- 
vestiture from the peritoneum, and are ever after- 
wards clothed with it. In man, whose erect 
posture would occasion a descent of intestinal 
matter through any opening, all communication 
between the abdomen and the scrotum is per- 
fectly closed,—but in the horse and other quad- 
rupeds, whose horizontal posture prevents all 
risk of such descent, a communication between 
the two cavities remains constantly open; and 
in man, an unusual quantity of fluid is some- 
times secreted between the testicle and its in- 
vestiture, constituting the disease called hydro- 
cele,—while in the horse this seldom happens. 
The operation of cutting out the testicles of the 
lower animals is noticed in the article Casrra- 
TION. 
TETANUS, or Locxep Jaw. This is one of 
the most appalling maladies with which the ve- 
terinarian has to deal. It attacks all the three 
chief species of farm animals; but is of far the 
greatest consequence in the horse; and a brief 
notice of it in the case of that animal may suffi- 
ciently illustrate it in the case also of cattle and 
sheep. 
Though a disease of the nervous system, its 
effects are more particularly visible in the 
muscles,—and most of all in the voluntary 
muscles,—which are all seized with a spasm or 
rigidity, so that the animal can move no part but 
with pain and difficulty, while some parts are 
altogether immoveable. The approach of the 
disease is generally slow. The animal commonly 
first shows some rigidity about the neck in turn- 
ing his head to one side, which, in the course of 
a day or two, so much increases that he cannot 
turn his head at all without carrying his body 
round too. The refusal of his food leads to an 
examination of the jaws; and they also are found 
rigid, or greatly limited in their dilatation, so 
that the mouth can be opened only to a certain 
