TETANUS. 
extent, or even hardly at all. The eye becomes 
the next object of attention: every time any 
thing frightens or annoys him, the animal throws 
up his head, and at the same instant the haw is 
seen passing over the eye; and this forms a very 
striking character of the malady. The limbs, 
now, should they not have already become at- 
tacked, likewise grow stiff, either rendering pro- 
gression awkward and unnatural, or else almost 
impeding it altogether. Indeed, in violent cases, 
the fore and hind legs are stretched out under- 
neath the body like the four legs of a stool or 
form; the back and loins become shrugged up 
from rigidity ; the tail is elevated and tremulous ; 
the ears erect; the nostrils expanded; and the 
countenance displays a degree of eagerness and 
anxiety which, once seen, it is hardly possible to 
mistake. In short, the poor suffering animal 
exhibits altogether a truly impressive and piti- 
able aspect, too characteristic of the hopeless 
condition he is in, to admit of any possibility of 
doubt or dispute concerning the nature of his 
relentless disease. Locked jaw may arise of its 
own accord, or at least without any apparent 
cause ; or it may be, and most commonly is, the 
consequence of some local injury. We have 
many examples of its having been induced by 
nicking, and docking, and punctured wounds, 
particularly into joints, or the feet; and the 
curious circumstance is, that the disease gene- 
rally makes its appearance after the local wound 
is healed up, and we conclude all is well.—We 
are much in the dark concerning what mode of 
treatment ought to be adopted for this disease; 
though it would appear, that of all the declared 
remedies none deserves to stand so high as opium. 
It behoves him, however, who sets about to treat 
a locked jaw, to remember that it is a malady 
which has but very rarely yielded to remedy, 
and that opium, like every thing else, has too 
often failed to give the slightest apparent relief. 
In the first instance, it is advisable to draw 
blood, especially if the horse should happen to 
be in full condition; and also to administer, as 
early as possible, a dose of croton oil or two 
ounces of purging mass, whose operation may be 
promoted by injections. As soon as the bowels 
have become freely opened, or even before, should 
the case prove anywise urgent, begin with the 
opium; if possible, administer half an ounce in 
ball twice a-day; but, should the jaws not ad- 
mit of this being accomplished, an equivalent 
quantity of laudanum should be exhibited. Blis- 
ters also may be applied, or setons inserted, along 
the course of the spine, and upon the head. 
Some veterinarians advise rubbing the jaws and 
throat with stimulating liniments; and Gibson 
recommends continual rubbing of the head, neck, 
and cheeks, or wherever the stiffness may appear, 
until the horse is relieved. He also observes, 
that locked jaw sometimes proceeds from the 
irritation of botts in the stomach; in which case 
he directs half an ounce of calomel to be given 
TETRAMERIUM. 425 
at one dose. When the disease appears to de- 
pend on a wound in the foot, either from a prick 
in shoeing or stepping on a nail, the part should 
be laid open with a drawing knife, and the actual 
cautery applied. As long as the horse is capable 
of swallowing, wheat-flour gruel should be fre- 
quently given. 
TETHERING. The confining of a grazing 
animal to small and precise limits of pasturage 
by means of a rope or of a light chain, fastened 
to a long iron pin, which has a swivel ring and 
is driven into the ground. This practice is ad- 
vantageous for a very few animals on lawns which 
are ornamented with shrubs, and on rich grass 
fields which have insufficient fences, or on plots 
of luxuriant grass adjacent to unprotected arable 
crops, as it obliges the animals to make clean 
work of the herbage, and at the same time pre- 
vents them from injuring the neighbouring vege- 
tation; but it is unprofitable either for a large 
number of animals on rich pastures, or for even 
the smallest number on poor ones, as it would 
require a far too frequent and troublesome change 
of tether to comport with economy; yet it pre- 
vails throughout almost all France, even on com- 
mon farms, and is somewhat abundant in some 
of the most impoverished districts of Great Bri- 
tain and Ireland. 
TETRACERA. A genus of ornamental, tropi- 
cal plants, of the dillenia family. Three species, 
the drinking, the twining, and the alder-leaved, 
all evergreen twiners of upwards of 10 feet in 
height, loving a soil of peaty loam and propagable 
‘from cuttings, have been introduced to British 
hothouses from Africa and South America; and 
about 20 more are known. 
THETRADYNAMIA. See Borany. ! 
THTRAGONIA. A genus of exotic plants, of 
the order Ficoidee. Two annual species, one 
biennial, one herbaceous evergreen, and six ever- 
green undershrubs, all green-flowered, and most 
between 10 and 25 inches high, have been intro- 
duced to the greenhouse collections of Britain 
from the Cape of Good Hope, New Zealand, and 
Peru; and several more are known. Only one 
species possesses any particular interest; and 
that is noticed in the article New Zrauanp 
SPINACH. 
TETRAGONOLOBUS. A genus of orna- 
mental, hardy, trailing, exotic plants, of the 
lotus division of the leguminous order. Three 
annual species, with respectively yellow, purple, 
and dark purple flowers, and two perennial spe- 
cies, with yellow flowers, have been introduced 
to Britain; and one of the former, 7’. purpureus, 
called by Linnzeus Lotus tetragonolobus, and popu- 
larly the purple-winged pea, a native of Sicily, is 
cultivated by the Sicilians as an economical 
plant. 
THTRAMERIUM. A genus of ornamental, 
tropical, ligneous plants, of the madder: family. 
Two species, the panicled and the sweetest- 
scented, both evergreen white-flowered shrubs of 
ne 
