THRUSH. 
call grives, have the plumage marked with small 
black or brown spots. 
Three of the best known British species are 
truest or spotted thrushes, or what the French 
| noticed in the articles BLackpirp, FIELDFARE, 
and Repwine; and some others are glanced at 
in the article Hepae-Brrps. The ring-ouzel, 
ring - blackbird, or stirling, Merula torguata or 
Turdus torquatus, is a bird of passage, and fre- 
quents highland districts. Its feathers are black, 
partly edged with white ; and its breast is marked 
with a shield of the same colour.—The missel- 
thrush, Zurdus viscivorus, is eleven inches long, 
and has a prevailingly brown colour of plumage, 
but is white on the under surface of the body, 
tinged with yellow, and profusely marked with 
black spots. Its eggs are 4 or 5 in number, one 
inch and three lines long, eleven lines broad, and 
of a greenish-white colour, spotted with dark red 
brown.—The song-thrush, Turdus musicus, is 
rather less than nine inches long, and has the 
under parts of the wings yellow, and is a better 
songster than any other of the European true 
thrushes. Its nest is formed of green moss and 
fine roots; and its eggs are 4 or 5 in number, 
_ one inch and one line long, ten lines broad, and 
of a beautiful light blue colour, with a few black 
spots.—White’s thrush, 7urdus White, is a rare 
| and recently observed species, measuring 124 
inches in length. The species of thrushes foreign 
to Europe are very numerous. 
THRUSH. A diseased condition of the sensi- 
ble frog of the horse’s foot. It results from in- 
flammation, and occasions the secretion and dis- 
charge of a fetid, semipurulent fluid, and is 
remotely caused by contraction of the foot, or 
by the heat and foulness of the stable. It com- 
monly has its primitive seat in the cleft of the 
| frog; and it is supposed to drain off morbid 
matter from other parts of the system, so as to 
prevent or obviate other diseased affections; and 
when, on the one hand, it is suddenly checked, it 
is liable to occasion derangement of some other 
organ, while, on the other, if it be neglected or 
abused, it is liable to degenerate into canker. 
It always involves so much tenderness as to 
occasion limping for a few steps after the foot 
presses upon a stone; and it may generally be 
regarded as an indication of the commencement 
or progress of contraction in the foot; yet it does 
not often produce absolute lameness, and seldom 
impairs in any serious degree the general useful- 
ness of the animal. The proper treatment of it 
is to remove or reduce the causes which excite 
it, to pare away ragged parts so as to lay quite 
bare the diseased surface, to apply lotions and 
| brushings and soakings of any suitably diluted 
| MTaineral astringent, such as a solution of blue or 
white vitriol or a mixture of tar and diluted sul- 
phuric acid, and, in bad cases, to employ poul- 
tices for two or three days, or stimulating stop- 
pings every day or every alternate day, according 
to the symptoms and other circumstances, 
THY MBRA. 445 
THRUSH. A disease of the mouth of cattle 
and sheep. See the article APHTHA. 
THRYALLIS. A small genus of ornamental 
exotic plants, of the barbadoes cherry family. 
The short-spiked species, 7. brachystachys, is a 
very handsome, yellow-flowered, evergreen, hot- 
house climber, of about 10 or 12 feet in height, 
blooming throughout most of autumn, loving a 
soil of peat and sand, and propagable from cut- 
tings; and it is a native of the tropical parts of 
South America, and was introduced to Britain 
in 1823. 
THUJA. See Arson Vita. . 
THUNBERGIA. A genus of highly orna- 
mental, exotic, evergreen, climbing and twining 
plants, of the acanthus family. The golden-eyed 
species, 7’. chrysops, was introduced to Britain 
from Sierra Leone in 1844; and is a fair speci- 
men of the whole genus. It has a herbaceous 
or sub-shrubby character, and a neat habit, and 
admits of being so trained as to be all-over or- 
nate from root-crown tosummit. Its leaves are 
opposite, somewhat heart-shaped, minutely ser- 
rated on the margin, and acutely angular at the 
point; and its flowers are numerous, large, deli- 
cate, and showy, and come out singly at the axils 
of the leaves, and have a funnel-shaped corolla 
with an out-spread mouth,—the eye or centre of 
a golden colour, surrounded by a belt of light 
blue, and the outer portion, comprising five 
broad segments, of a rich dark purple colour.— 
The winged species, 7. alata, introduced from 
the Cape of Good Hope in 1824, and suitable for 
greenhouse cultivation, is the best known spe- 
cies, and has a deep purple eye and either a 
yellow or a white expanse.—Seven other spe- 
cies, varying in height from 3 to 10 feet, with 
severally scarlet, white, yellow, and blue flowers, 
all requiring hothouse culture, and most bloom- 
ing from May till September, have been intro- 
duced from India, Nepaul, Madagascar, and the 
West Indies.—Most of the species love a soil of 
peaty loam, and are propagated from cuttings ; 
but the winged species does best to be propagated 
from seeds. 
THWARTIL-ILL. See Loupine-Iut. 
THYMBRA. A genus of curious, exotic, ever- 
green undershrubs, of the labiate order, The 
spike-flowered thymbra, or mountain Macedonian 
hyssop, Z. spicata, is a native of Syria, Greece, 
and Spain, and was introduced to Britain about 
the close of the 17th century. It hasa heath-like 
appearance; and branches out into slender, lig- 
neous, leafy stalks of 6 or 8 inches in length, 
covered with brown bark; and emits from its 
bruised foliage an aromatic odour. Its leaves 
are sessile, narrow, acute-pointed, and about 4 an 
inch in length; its floral spikes grow terminally 
on the stalks, and are thick, close, and nearly two 
inches long; its calyxes are stiff and hairy; and 
its corollas have a purple colour, and are two- 
lipped, and peep out of the calyxes, and bloom in 
June and July. Two other species occur in 
ae | 
—!) 
