a 
| this place. 
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| 
| 
notice of the principal varieties hitherto used, as 
well as of their comparative merits, and of the 
methods of employing them, occurs in the last 
section of our article on Drarnine@; and a further 
notice of the comparative merits of some of the 
best of these, as well as some hints on the pro- 
cesses of manufacturing them, may be proper in 
Three different kinds of tiles—one tiles and 
soles, another tiles and covers, and another pipe 
tiles, all prime of their respective classes, and 
leach comprising several sizes or varieties—were 
"prominently noticed about six years ago, in con- 
44.9 
nexion with an award of silver medals by the 
Royal Agricultural Society of England to the 
Tweeddale Patent Tile and Brick Company of 
London for their hand-tile machine, invented by 
the Marquis of Tweeddale,—to Mr. Etheredge of 
Woodlands, near Southampton, for his new patent 
machine for making tiles and covers,—to Mr. 
John Read of London, for an invention of cylin- 
drical or pipe tiles—and to Messrs. Ransome of 
Ipswich, for a Beart’s brick-machine, improved 
by Mr. A. Stickney of Ridgemont, Holderness, 
The dimensions, weight, and price of these vari- | 
ous tiles were as follows :— 
Weight per 
thousand. 
Internal 
Kind of Tile. Dimensions.| Area. 
_ 
In. In. | Sq. In.} Lbs. 
Tweeddale . | 22 by 2% | 6°75 | 5500 tiles and soles. 
Etheredge . ai — 14 3°18 | 5376 ,, xs 
¥ 24 — ii 3°18 | 5600 ,, and covers. 
is 14 — 14 | 1:56 | 5102 ,, <3 
-\ 13 — 14 | 1°56 | 4928 ,, and soles. 
Read, No.1 . | 2°25 diam.| 3:97 | 2844 pipe. 
a Wy I ROW 3°14 | 2657 ,, 
a Sm el GOONs. PO hOB ig 
“ APY GO ss 1°43") 1313) ,, 
& alas 0:79 | 1032 ,, 
J 
S$ 
a aS m= i eel 
laws] oS -| @ Gj 
f& | S=35| $s} Be 5] Price per | Price per 
S |e ye! FO+| Ls} thousand. | 1000 feet. 
4 I fh = a = | 
In. Lbs. Ft. In EO CH) Wi ase. Gs. 2h 
144 | 4631 484 | 0°55 rad a1) 115 4 
144 | 4527 | 495 | 0°65 ) 
141 | 4717 | 475 | 0:65 
14} | 4358 | 539 | 0-65 | TEE ey Seon 
141 | 4150 516 | 0:65 
12 | 2844); 787) 0:40; 118 0; 118 0 
12 2657 848 | 0-40 114 0 114 0 
12 1937 | 1156 | 0°33 Lo GO Ji 
12 1313 | 1706 | 0°35 1 a (D day aD 
12 7 0:25 Te ab eg) Loielin 0: 
The machine for making the Tweeddale tile is 
well known, and needs no description. Its ad- 
vantages consist in economising the labour of 
making to a small extent, in giving a greater 
certainty to the quantity made, and in producing 
a better article than tiles of the same kind manu- 
factured in the ordinary manner. The superior 
quality arises from the greater density given to 
the clay in passing through the machine than 
can be obtained by hand labour. The machine 
requires a man and a stout lad to work it, and 
two boys to carry the tiles to the drying shelves; 
and it is adequate, in a fair season, to the pro- 
duction of about 600,000 tiles, and as many soles. 
Its present price is £40; and it requires a pug- 
mill, and the usual appurtenances of a tilery. 
Mr. Etheredge’ s machine consists in the adap- 
tation of a series of dies of a: peculiar form to the 
bottom of a pug-mill, through which the clay is 
expressed, and received on mandrils answering 
to the form of the die. The mill erected at his 
works at Eling, and substantially made by Messrs, 
Ransome, contains eight of these dies. It is 
driven by one horse at a time; and by changing 
the horse every three hours, the constant working 
of it can be satisfactorily performed by two blind 
but able horses, This machine is represented as 
capable of producing 1,000 tiles and as many 
soles or covers per hour ; but it may, perhaps, 
be advisable to consider its average work in a 
season at 8,000 per day. The hands employed 
are one man to fill the mill,—two boys to cut off 
the pipes and place them on barrows,—one man 
and a boy to wheel away and set them to dry on 
cloth, supported on iron standards, and two men, 
a boy, and a burner to fill the kiln, burn, and 
draw the tiles, the kiln holding 36,000. Much 
ingenuity has been exercised in the construction 
of the mill and dies. Two tiles and two soles or 
covers are comprised in each pipe extruded from 
the machine, which being nearly severed within 
tin four vertical lines whilst passing through the 
die, breaks by the shrinkage consequent on 
drying into four parts, The form, dimensions, 
and substance of the tile may be varied from the 
perfect hollow cylinder, to the oval, horse-shoe, 
angular, or any other desirable figure. The price 
of the mill with eight dies is £43, and propor- 
tionally less or greater for smaller or larger ma- 
chines; and the cost of an establishment will 
vary from £150 to £350, according to the num- 
ber of tiles required to be made during a season. 
The pipe-tile machine is of the simplest con- 
struction, and costs only about £6 or £7. It 
consists of a mere frame of wood, having a cross- 
bench or platform, upon which is placed an iron 
cylinder about 17 inches long, by 6? inches dia- 
meter, fitted with the mould or die at its bot- 
tom. Its capacity is about 608 cubic inches, 
which bulk of clay suffices for the production of 
24 pipes of the smallest or No. 5 size. This cy- 
linder, when filled with well-washed and pugged 
clay, is placed on the platform over a hole, and 
has an iron-ring on the top fitting the inside, 
upon which rests a wooden piston or plug at- 
tached to a cross-bar, which slides up and down 
in a groove formed in each upright of the frame. 
By means of a wooden axle connected by two 
pee provincially termed hakes, covered with | short cords with the piston cross-bar, and a 
2F 
