tal exotic plants, of the figwort family. The 
rough-leaved species, 7’. scabra, is a handsome, 
evergreen shrub of about 3 feet in height, carry- 
ing pale blue flowers from June till August; and 
was introduced to the greenhouses of Britain 
from Moreton Bay in 1830; and loves a soil of 
rich loam, and is propagable from cuttings. The 
heart-leaved species, 7. cordifolia, is a curious, 
late-blooming, pale - lilac - flowered, tender an- 
nual, of about 6 inches in height; and was in- 
troduced in 1838. Two tropical, purple-flowered, 
July-blooming, evergreen trailers also occur in 
British collections; and one of these, 7’. asiatica, 
is used on the Malabar coast as a medicinal 
plant. 
TORILIS. See Heper-Parstey. 
TORMENTIL. See Srprrotn. 
TORTRIX. A genus of moths, constituting 
the type of the family Tortricide. The insects 
of this family are comparatively small and pret- 
tily coloured; and possess a bad fame among 
foresters for the destructive habits of their cater- 
pillars among the foliage of trees. Their pro- 
boscis is distinct ; their inferior palpi are closely 
similar to those of the most typal forms of pha- 
lene; their wings are tectiform, but almost 
horizontally flattened, and always laid on the 
body; their upper wings are arcuated at the 
base of the exterior margin, and then narrowed ; 
and their figure is short and wide, and forms a 
truncated oval, and gives the insects a very pe- 
culiar appearance. The caterpillars have six- 
teen feet, and a closely shorn or but slightly 
pilose body; and most twist and roll up the 
leaves of trees, and connect various points of 
their surface at different times by layers of silk- 
en threads running in one direction, so as to form 
tubes,—and in these they reside, feeding tran- 
quilly on the parenchyma; but others form a 
nest by connecting several leaves or flowers with 
silken threads; and a few inhabit fruits. Some 
of the species best known in Britain, or most 
remarkable for their depredations, are the pea- 
green moth, Jortriz viridana, which infests the 
leaves of the oak-tree,—the rose moth, Lozotenia 
rosanda, which infests the flower-buds of rose and 
currant bushes, —the narrow-winged red - bar, 
Ditula angustiora, which rolls up the leaves and 
destroys the nascent fruit-buds of the apricot- 
tree,—the apple or codling moth, Carpocapsa po- 
monella, which eats into the pulp and devours 
the pips of growing apples,—the Woeberian moth, 
Carpocapsa Weberiana, which feeds on the bark 
of various kinds of fruit trees,—the Bergmann 
rose moth, Argyrotoza Bergmanniana, which de- 
vastates the foliage and mutilates the flower-buds 
of rose plants,—the turpentine moth, Cnephesia 
restnella, which works havoc on the young shoots 
of fir-trees,—and the bud-tortrix of the pine, 
Argyrolepia turionella, which infests and devas- 
tates the buds of young abietinous trees, par- 
ticularly silver firs. , 
TOUCH-ME-NOT. See Impatiens. 
TOURNEFORTIA. A genus of ornamental, 
evergreen, exotic plants, of the borage family. 
About a dozen species, principally evergreen 
‘shrubs of from 2 to 10 feet in height, have been 
introduced to the conservatories, greenhouses, 
and hothouses of Britain; and about 30 other 
species are known. One of the earliest introduced 
is described as follows by Miller, and may serve 
as a sufficient specimen of the whole. “It grows 
naturally in Jamaica and in some other islands 
in the West Indies. It rises with shrubby stalks 
8 or 10 feet high, sending out many branches, 
closely garnished with oval spear-shaped leaves 
placed alternately round the stalks. These are 
5 inches long, and 24 broad in the middle, hairy 
on their under side, and stand on short foot- 
stalks. The branches are terminated by long 
branching spikes of flowers, ranged on one side 
the footstalks in the same manner as those of 
the heliotrope. Some of the footstalks sustain 
two, others three, and some four spikes of flow- 
ers, which are near 5 inches long, and are re- 
flexed like a scorpion’s tail at the top. The 
flowers are of a dirty white colour, and are small 
and closely ranged on one side of the spike; and 
are succeeded by small succulent fruit, enclosing 
four oblong seeds in each.” Nearly all the in- 
troduced species thrive best in a soil of peaty 
loam, and are propagated from cuttings. 
TOWER - MUSTARD, — botanically Purritis. 
A small genus of white- flowered herbaceous 
plants, of the cruciferous order. The smooth or 
long - podded tower- mustard, Jurritzs glabra, 
called by some botanists Arabis perfoléata, is an 
annual indigen of grassy-banks, road-sides, and 
pasture fields, with a dry gravelly soil, in various 
parts of England. Its root is tapering ; its stem 
is erect, slender, leafy, and from 15 to 36 inches 
high ; its radical leaves are numerous, spreading, 
toothed, and rough; its cauline leaves are sheath- 
ing, oblong, arrow-shaped, entire, glaucous, and 
smooth, and are so disposed on the stem as to 
present a pyramidal or tower-like appearance, 
which is alluded to in both the popular and the 
botanical names of the genus; the flowers are 
numerous, and grow in close corymbs, and bloom 
in May and June; and the pods stand on short 
footstalks, and are very long and slender, and 
contain about sixty very small seeds in each cell. 
TOWER-MUSTARD (Watt-Orgss),—botani- 
cally Arabis turrita. An indigenous biennial 
plant, of the wall-cress genus and cruciferous 
order. It grows on walls and similar situations 
in some parts of England; and has a general ap- 
pearance similar to that of the smooth tower- 
mustard. Its stem is commonly about 18 or 20 
inches high; its cauline leaves are clasping; its 
flowers are sulphur-coloured, and bloom in April 
and May; and its seeds are marginate. Two 
varieties of it, called the shady and the pendu- 
lous, have been introduced to British botanical 
collections from Continental Europe. 
TOXICODENDRON. See Sumacu. 
| 
