496 TRUNDLE. 
aggregate appearance; and its flowers come out 
from the wings of the leaves, and commonly grow 
two together at each joint, and are similar in 
shape and size and colour to those of the capreo- 
late species, and bloom in July and August. 
Some of the most beautiful or interesting of 
the other species are the equinoctial and Cham- 
berlayne’s, B. wquinoctialis, and B. Chamberlaynii, 
two yellow-flowered, binate-leaved, evergreen 
climbers, from Guiana and Brazil, commonly 
about 40 feet in height, and blooming from April 
till October; the lovely, B. venusta, an orange- 
flowered, ternate-leaved, evergreen climber, from 
tropical South America, commonly about 4 feet 
in height, and blooming from September till De- 
cember; the milk-flowered, B. lacttflora, a white- 
flowered, binate-leaved, evergreen climber, from 
Santa Cruz, commonly about 20 feet in height, 
and blooming in June and July; the jasmine- 
like, B. jasminoides, a purple-flowered, green- 
house, evergreen climber, from Moreton Bay, 
commonly about 30 feet in height; and the 
white-wooded, B. deucoxylon, a pink-flowered, di- 
gitate-leaved, evergreen erect shrub, from the 
West Indies, commonly about 12 feet in height, 
and blooming in June and July. Most of the 
species thrive best in a soil of loamy peat; two 
or three, particularly B. wnguis and B. crucigera, 
are most readily propagated from layers; and all 
the rest, with only one or two exceptions, are 
most readily propagated from cuttings. 
TRUNDLE. A low, coarse carriage, with small 
|| wheels, for carrying heavy and cumbrous loads. 
TRUNK. The stem of a tree,—principally the 
part between the ground and the commencement 
of the ramification. 
TRUSS. A bundle of hay, straw, or other 
|| dried forage. A truss of straw weighs 36 lbs., a 
truss of hay weighs 56 lbs., and 36 trusses make 
a load; but in June, July, and August, a truss 
of new hay ought to weigh 60 lbs. See the arti- 
cles Srraw.and Hay. 
TRUSS OF FLOWERS. Any kind of inflor- 
escence which carries many ornamental blossoms 
on one peduncle or common footstalk,—and par- 
ticularly such as has the individual flowers well 
free from one another, so that each is as distinct 
an object as the whole. 
TUBER. The peculiar subterraneous develop- 
ment of a tuberous-rooted plant. It is popularly 
regarded as a root, and has been called by some 
botanists a subterranean stem ; but differs widely 
in structure and functions from both a root and 
a stem, and comprises a complicated system of 
contrivances and secretions for achieving propa- 
gation, quite independently of the propagational 
organisms which its plants possess in common 
with more fibrous-rooted species. Its peculiar 
structure and uses, as exemplified in potato tu- 
bers, are noticed in the article Potato; and its 
affinities of character and function to a bulb 
may be learned from the article Buns. The tu- 
ber of some plants is single and quite solid, as in 
TUBEROSE. | 
the case of Bunium bulbocastanum ; the tubers | 
of others are in pairs, comprising an old, ex- 
hausted, or light one which has ministered to 
the present year’s growth, and a young, plump, 
and heavy one which will minister to the growth 
of next year, as in the case of Orchis mascula ; 
and those of other plants generally amount to 
more than two, and may be pretty numerous 
according to circumstances of prolificity, and 
contain large supplies of germs and nourishment 
whence great annual crops may be raised, as in 
the cases of the potato, the dahlia, and the Jeru- 
salem artichoke. 
TUBER. A genus of fungi. See the article 
TRUFFLE. 
TUBEROSE,—botanically Polianthes. A small 
genus of exotic, ornamental, tuberous - rooted 
plants, of the day-lily family. The common or 
tuberous species, Polianthes tuberosa, is a native 
of India, and was introduced to Britain in 1629, 
and has very long been cultivated in Italy, for 
the exportation of its tubers to other countries, 
in the same manner in which tulips, oriental 
hyacinths, and other bulbous-rooted beauties are 
cultivated in Holland. It has a flower some- 
what like the narcissus, but far more powerfully 
fragrant, and was called by the old gardeners the 
tuberous Indian hyacinth. Its stem is commonly 
about 3 feet high; its flowers are white, and 
bloom in August and September; its corolla is 
monopetalous and funnel-shaped, with an oblong 
incurved tube and an outspread six-segmented 
brim; and its fruit is an obtuse, roundish, three- 
cornered, three-celled capsule, full of plain half- 
round seeds disposed in a double range. One. 
variety has a weaker and shorter stem, and a 
smaller flower, than the normal plant; another 
has striped leaves; and another—now the uni- 
versal favourite of cultivators, and often spoken 
of as if it were the only tuberose—has double 
flowers. Yet this last variety, though at pre- 
sent so common, originated not much upwards 
of a century ago in a garden in Holland, and 
was for many years prevented by the proprietor 
from passing beyond the limits of his own grounds, 
in order that he might have the silly boast of 
being the only owner of this flower in Europe. 
The tubers may be purchased from seedsmen in 
the same way as “ Dutch roots;” and they should 
be potted in sandy loam, and brought forward in 
a frame with a little bottom heat; and when the 
plants are coming into flower, they may be removed 
to the greenhouse or the sitting-room, provided 
their powerful fragrance should not be felt in- 
convenient in the latter. The cultivation is 
very easy; but the tubers do not succeed in the 
second year, unless the plants are repotted in 
heat, and kept close to the glass till the leaves 
decay. ‘Tuberoses are planted in the public gar- 
dens of Paris at distances of 50 or 60 yards from 
one another; and they diffuse a delightful odour 
in the mornings and evenings when the dew is 
on, or after a shower of rain—The slender tu- 
