Ut 
the early part of summer ; 
TULBAGHIA. 
berose, Polianthes gracilis, was introduced to 
Britain in 1822 from Brazil. It has pale yellow 
flowers, and a similar height and time of bloom- 
ing to the common tuberose; and is also propa- 
gated from offsets, and loves the same kind of 
soil; but requires a considerably greater degree 
of heat. 
TUBEROUS ROOTS. See Tusnr and Poraro. 
TULBAGHIA. A genus of ornamental, bul- 
bous-rooted, herbaceous, South-African plants, 
of the day-lily family. Three brown-flowered. 
species, of from 6 to 15 inches in height,—the 
onion-scented, the garlic-scented, and the allied, 
—were introduced to Britain between 1773 and 
1821; and another and much more beautiful 
species, the violet-flowered, was introduced at a 
considerably later period. The leaves of this last 
are several, sheathing at the base, linear-sword- 
shaped, 6 or 8 inches long, + of an inch broad, 
obtuse, quadrifarious, glabrous, coriaceous, rigid, 
and bright green; the footstalk is erect, slender, 
filiform, glabrous, and a foot or more high; the 
inflorescence is an umbel, whose flowers amount 
to 8 or 9 and open in succession; and the flow- 
ers are erect, patent, purple, bright, and shining, 
and emit a powerful alliaceous fragrance. The 
three brown-flowered species bloom in spring or 
the violet-flowered 
species blooms in October; and all love a soil of 
rich mould, and are propagated from offsets. 
TULIP,—botanically 7ulipa. A genus of or- 
namental, bulbous - rooted, monocotyledonous, 
herbaceous plants, constituting the type of the 
natural order Tulipacee. This order will pro- 
bably be so revised by future botanists as to 
comprise many of the numerous genera which 
have hitherto been included in the asphodel 
group, the day-lily group, the amaryllis group, 
and some cognate families,—and will then be 
the most superb for floral glory within the whole 
range of vegetable existence; and even in its 
present very restricted condition, though com- 
prising but eight or nine genera, it presents to 
view a vast and dazzling collection of combined 
beauty and brilliance, and contributes to the 
_ parterre a large proportion of its most gorgeous 
ornaments, and claims, in the estimation of the 
ablest critics, to comprise the chief objects of 
allusion in the saying of Infinite Wisdom,— 
“Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow; 
they toil not, neither do they spin; and yet I 
say unto you that Solomon in all his glory was 
not arrayed like one of these.’ ‘The principal 
tulipaceous genera are lilium, tulipa, fritillaria, 
yucca, erythronium, and gloriosa; and these 
strike all eyes, from the child to the philosopher, 
as magnificently beautiful. Only about 120 spe- 
cles, irrespective of varieties, occur in British 
gardens,—and of these 3 or 4 require hothouse 
culture, 12 or 14 are suited to the greenhouse, 
and all the rest thrive well in the open ground. 
The tulip genus comprises one indigenous spe- 
cies, about twenty-five introduced exotic species, 
TULIP. 497 
and an innumerable multitude of varieties. The 
roots of all its plants are bulbous; the leaves are 
few and grow from the root-crown, or from the 
basal part of the flower-stem ; the flowers are 
chiefly solitary, and sit on long, maeed footstalks ; 
the perianth consists of six fleshy, coloured, large 
sepals; the stamens are six in number, subulate, 
and shorter than the sepals, and terminate in 
oblong four-cornered summits; the stigma is 
three-lobed, triangular, sessile, and persistent; 
and the fruit is a triangular three-celled capsule, 
full of smooth compressed seeds. The name tu- 
lip is corrupted from a Persian word which both 
designates the garden tulip and signifies a tur- 
ban. One or two of the species require a little 
frame protection; and all the others are per- 
fectly hardy. 
The wild or indigenous tulip, 7. sylvestris, oc- 
curs on calcareous grounds, and especially in 
chalk pits, in Middlesex, Hertfordshire, Suffolk, 
and Norfolk; and has also been found in Seot, 
land ; and is more or less plentiful in many parts 
of France, Switzerland, Italy, and Southern Ger- 
many. It naturally propagates itself by sending 
out a long strong fibre from its root, and de- 
veloping at the end of this a new bulb; so that 
the offspring arises at a considerable iditance 
from the parent. The stem is about a foot high, 
one-flowered, and somewhat drooping; the flower 
is sweet- Seonted! and has a bright yellow colour, 
and blooms in April and May; the sepals of the 
perianth have an ovate-acuminate form, and are 
hairy at the extremity; and the stamens are 
hairy at the base. 
The small yellow or Cels’s tulip, 7. Celstana, is 
a native of the Levant, of Southern Europe, and 
of the basin of the Wolga. It was known to 
Clusius, Tournefort, and some other early Hu- 
ropean botanists as a distinct species; but was 
confounded by Linneus with the wild tulip, 
though differing greatly from it in size; and was 
restored to the rank of a separate species by 
Redouté, the author of the huge French work 
Les Liliacées. Its leaves are lanceolate ; its stem 
is one-flowered, and commonly about 18 inches 
high; its flower is mostly erect, and hasa green- 
ish yellow colour, and blooms in June and July; 
its sepals are lanceolate; and its stamens are 
slightly hairy above the base, 
Clusius’s tulip, or the white and red Italian 
tulip, 7. Clusiana, is a native of Sicily, Italy, and 
the South of France; and was introduced to 
Britain from the first of these countries in 1636. 
It was confounded by Linneus with the common 
garden tulip; and, like Cels’s, was restored to 
the rank of a separate species by Redouté. Its 
size is similar to that of the wild tulip ; ; 1ts leaves 
are linear-lanceolate; its stem is smooth, one- 
flowered, and about a foot high; its flower has a 
white ml red or white and purple colour, and 
blooms in June; and its sepals are acute. 
The two-flowered yellow tulip, T. biflora, is a 
native of the salt 2 in the basin of the 
2 
