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510 
tween these two great groups. All the kinds we 
shall enumerate, except such as we shall desig- 
nate exclusively garden turnips, are suitable for 
cultivation in the field. 
The Altringham yellow turnip is smaller than 
most of the approved hybrids, and on that ac- 
count is more particularly suited for garden 
culture; yet it is also in good repute in some 
quarters as a field turnip. It is recommended 
for its fine globular shape, and the superior so- 
lidity of its flesh. It has a light greenish top, 
very small neck, and tap root. 
The Aberdeenshire sugar yellow turnip is very 
hardy; and buries itself considerably in the 
ground; and is highly nutritious, and one of the 
most approved of the lately introduced varie- 
ties. 
The Border imperial purple-topped yellow tur- 
nip was introduced by Mr. R. Hogg, nursery and 
seedsman, of Dunse, in Berwickshire; and is 
described as follows by Mr. Hoge himself :— 
“This turnip possesses all the qualities of the 
Swedish, with the advantage of being a much 
freer grower. It succeeds well on every variety 
of turnip soil, produces a larger crop than the 
white globe, is a good feeder, and stands the 
winter better than any of the common yellows. 
It is in full perfection for using in February, and 
continues for as long a period as the swedes; and 
should the latter fail, the Border imperial being 
sown as late as the month of June, will yield a 
crop equal if not superior to what might have 
been expected from the swedes had they suc- 
ceeded.” 
The green-topped bullock yellow turnip attains 
a medium size. Its shape is globular, or some- 
what flattened with a very small tap-root. It is 
an old variety; and is held in deserved esti- 
mation. 
The purple-topped bullock yellow turnip differs 
from the preceding chiefly in the colour of the 
top,—the size, shape, and quality of the roots 
being pretty nearly the same. It is also highly 
esteemed; and is considered by some to come 
nearest to the swedes in hardiness and solidity 
of texture. 
Skirving’s improved purple- topped bullock 
yellow turnip is an improved variety of the pre- 
ceding; and obtained for its introducer, Mr. 
William Skirving, of Liverpool, the medal of the 
Highland Society of Scotland. It has been gene- 
rally grown for a number of years by the first 
agriculturists in Lancashire and the north-west- 
ern counties. 
The green-topped and the purple-topped yellow 
Scotch turnips differ but little in any of their 
essential properties from the common green- 
topped and purple-topped bullock yellows. The 
roots are flatter and grow more in the ground. | 
The ox-heart yellow is an excellent turnip. 
Although it comes early to maturity, and attains 
a considerable size, it is by no means deficient in 
hardiness. 
TURNIP. | 
The yellow globe is a superior turnip, both for 
field and for garden culture. Its roots are of a 
medium size, globular, and always nearly under 
the surface of the ground; its top is greenish ; 
and its leaves rather small and spreading. 
The yellow stone turnip differs from the pre- 
ceding in growing more out of the ground, and 
having a greener top. In other respects it is 
nearly similar; and as a garden turnip, it is held 
in high esteem. 
The brown-topped tankard yellow turnip, has 
a bright yellow root, of a somewhat irregular, 
long, or tankard shape, with a purple or brownish 
top; and it is of great repute in Aberdeenshire. 
A sub-variety of it, with not so very long a shape, 
is preferred by some growers. Both are excellent 
turnips. 
The green-topped tankard yellow turnip differs 
from the preceding chiefly in the colour of the 
top; and of this there is also a sub-variety of a 
flatter shape. 
The large Lawrencekirk yellow tankard tur- 
nip, introduced by Mr. Robert Scott of Lawrence- | 
kirk, resembles Dale’s hybrid in many particu- 
lars; and, like it, grows a good deal out of the 
ground; but is distinguished by its more oblong 
and more uniformly shaped roots. Like Dale’s | 
hybrid, it arrives early at maturity; but it is 
generally considered rather less hardy, although 
it yields an equally bulky crop. 
Dale’s hybrid turnip is distinguished chiefly 
by its foliage being strong and luxuriant, and 
its roots of a large size, oblong shape, and of a 
lightish yellow colour, with light green top, small 
neck, and tap-root. The form of the root, how- 
ever, although generally oblong, is rather apt to | 
vary, being sometimes almost globular; but its 
more material characteristics of large size and | 
luxuriance of growth are always the same. Com- | 
pared with any other of the yellow field-sorts, it _ 
is found to arrive sooner at maturity, and con- | 
sequently may be sown at a later period of the | 
season; while at. the same time, it is equally | 
hardy, or, at least, has been found sufficiently so | 
to withstand the severest winters which have | 
occurred since its introduction. It might seem, 
from the manner in which Mr. Dale obtained it, 
or at least from that in which he brought it to 
perfection, to be rather a variety of swede than 
a true hybrid; but it distinctly exhibits its in- 
timate connexion with the common turnip, part- 
ly by its root having considerable affinity in 
both form and texture, and chiefly by its leaves 
being rough and of a vivid green colour and 
destitute of the swedish glaucousness. 
The new purple-top hybrid turnip, raised by 
Grant Duff, Esq., of Eden, Banffshire, seems more 
nearly related to the swede than even Dale’s 
hybrid, but has also the rough vivid green root- 
foliage which characterises the common turnip. 
Its root has a slightly oblong shape; and is light 
yellow or almost white on the lower part of the 
surface, and greenish purple on the top; and is 
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