TURNIP. 
j Weight per standard, Actual weight. 
Red-top yellow, 
12 Ib. 12 lb. 10 oz. 
Ditto, seen bSeeeGnoze 11 1b. 12 oz. 
Dale’s hybrid, 13 lb. 12 oz. 12 lb 
Ditto, 12 lb. 8 02 11 lb. 8 oz. 
White globe, 20 Ib. 8 oz. 15 lb. 8 oz. 
Ditto, 19 Ib. 15 lb 
Red-top white, 16 lb. 8 oz. 13 Ib 
Ditto, . 141b. 8 oz. 12 lb 
Green-top white, . 12 Ib. 11 Ib 
i Ditto, eo peliialibs 10 lb. 8 oz. 
White tankard, 16 lb. 14 Ib. 
Purple tankard, 12 lb. 10 oz. 11 lb. 8 oz. 
It will readily be seen, then, that the produce of 
turnip crops is exceedingly variable, and not a 
little difficult to be estimated. In rare cases, it 
has risen so high as 60 tons per acre, and fallen 
so low as next to nothing; and in ordinary 
cases, it ranges throughout greater part of the 
enormous interval between these extremes; and 
in average cases of good culture, at the com- 
mencement of rotations, or immediately after 
manurings, it may be set down at something be- 
tween 28 and 32 tons per acre. 
The value or price per acre is even more vari- 
able than the weight; for, besides being depen- 
dent on the quantity, and therefore controlled 
by all the same circumstances which control the 
weight, it is affected also by the special feeding 
qualities of different specimens of each variety, — 
by the capacity of each crop, under the varying 
characters of weather and season, to keep well, 
and become readily available for winter and 
spring food—and by the market fluctuations 
which result from the aggregate relations of sup- 
ply and demand. On the whole, however, the 
turnip crop, regarded simply by itself, or without 
reference to its place in rotations and to its aid 
to store-feeding, is never remunerating ; and, as 
compared to the average value of the other crops 
of a rotation, is commonly and roughly yet some- 
what correctly estimated as worth about half a 
crop. 
Forage Crops of Turnip.-—The early stone tur- 
nip is sometimes cultivated in England, in a 
manner supplementary to the ordinary feeding 
crops of the farm, either by being sown on the 
first-cleared piece of wheat-stubble, and used for 
spring food, or by being sown in the beginning 
of July, and used for September food. In the 
former way, it sometimes answers well, but at 
other times yields only a scanty bite of green 
leaves for couples in spring; and in the latter, it 
commonly succeeds well, and is consumed by 
being led out to the fields where the cattle are 
depastured, or upon the stubble immediately 
after harvest. It is popularly called by the 
farmers who cultivate it the stubble turnip; and 
may have got that name either from being sown 
on stubble land in the one way, or consumed on 
stubbles in the other. It is a rapidly growing 
variety, and can be profitably used only two 
months after it is sown, though it will continue 
to increase in bulk for a longer period ; but it is 
comparatively very soft and succulent, and sel- 
dom acquires a maximum weight in the root of 
more than about 7 pounds, and it has a tendency 
to flatness of the top, and is in consequence un- 
suitable for a winter turnip. It may easily be 
raised with bone-dust or guano, or with a mix- 
ture of either and rape cake. 
Any ordinary field turnip of the common or 
the hybrid kinds may be thinly sown, in the 
quantity of about 2 lbs. of seed per acre, 
among the plants and interstices of a bean- 
crop just before it is hoed for the last time; and 
if the land has been well tilled for the beans, and 
has been once horse-hoed or hand-hoed, it will 
be in pretty good order for receiving the turnip 
seed, and the young turnip plants will be not at 
all checked, but rather fostered, by the shade of 
the beans. If the land be intended for winter 
wheat, the turnips, as soon as the beans have 
been carried, are drawn and stored; but if not, 
they remain to be folded off in the same manner 
as ordinary turnip crops. One grand objection 
to this method, however, is that the soil most 
suitable for beans is far from being suitable for 
either common or hybrid turnips; and another 
is that the double crop of beans and turnips ab- 
stracts an extraordinary amount of nutrimental 
matter from the soil, and correspondingly im- 
poverishes it for the succeeding corn crop. But 
the former objection is mitigated by adopting 
the practice only on soil of a medium character ; 
and the latter, by prospectively enriching the 
land, in a superior degree, at the time of ma- 
nuring. 
The repeated cutting of the tops of transplanted 
Swedish turnips has been recently proposed as a 
probably good expedient for obtaining large sup- 
plies of green food to stall-fed cattle, and was 
first suggested by an accidental discovery on Mr. 
Johnstone’s farm of Larg-Liddesdale in Galloway, 
in the summer of 1847. Seedlings of Skirving’s 
swede, sown early in April, were transplanted on 
the 22d of June; and some began, in the course 
of from 10 to 20 days, to run to flower,—and 
were cut over, pretty near the base of the stem, 
as soon as they went into flower,—and afterwards 
increased their roots, and sent out a luxuriant 
growth of new and very delicate stems and leaves, 
—and were again, at two successive periods, cut 
over as before, and sent out, after each cutting, 
a new growth of tender foliage; and at the end 
of the season, after having yielded a great weight 
of excellent green food, they had larger bulbs 
than the swedes of the same field and from the 
same bed which had not run to flower, and had 
been allowed to grow in the ordinary way; and 
one of the bulbs, on being subjected to analysis 
in the laboratory of the Agricultural Chemistry 
Association of Scotland, was found to contain so 
high a proportion of water as nearly 91 per cent., 
but to be in other respects about as nutritive as 
the average of Swedish turnips. “The value of 
this experiment,” remarks the intelligent reporter 
of it, “might depend upon a variety of minute 
particulars, which should be carefully investi- 
