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TUSSAC-GRASS. 
render it so palatable to cattle. The ground 
on which the tussac grass flourishes best is a 
wet peaty soil, often very bleak and poor, and 
scarcely capable of sustaining any other kind of 
herbage. “If the shore be bold, and the sea- 
bank high and rocky,” says Lieut. R. C. Moody, 
in reference to the experimental culture of it in 
Britain, “I should choose the most exposed 
points. If the spray, but not the actual wave, 
dashes over it, so much the better. I do not 
think that sowing it in the shifting sand would 
answer in the first instance, though when the 
grass once takes root in any soil, the drift-sand 
blowing over it, amongst it, and almost burying 
it, does not seem to injure it. I would try some 
in the sand that has been fixed by the bent, but 
as near the sea as possible. The tussac loves 
the spray, and the finest plants are almost grow- 
ing in the water. If the breezes from the sea 
carry a great quantity of moisture to the peat- 
bog behind the tract of sand, I conceive the tus- 
sac-grass would answer extremely well in it. We 
have tussac-grass growing on peat-bogs on ex- 
posed islands in the Falklands, in places 800 and 
1000 feet above the sea; but these sites are ex- 
posed to the westerly gales, which are laden 
with moisture. Some of the finest young plants 
I have seen grew from seed sown in rich mould 
in my garden, 300 yards from the shore of a deep 
inland harbour, and protected from the winds by 
a high turf wall. This artificial mode seems to 
contradict what I before stated. Nature prefers 
the first-mentioned places; but as the latter is a 
fact, I would recommend both to be tried. In 
the garden, I was so successful with the plants 
from seed, that I proceeded to transplant suck- 
ers from the wild ones on the rocky shore to the 
rich mould in the garden, and I found them to 
thrive vigorously. I took suckers from these 
again, also from the plants raised by seed, and 
planted out more rows. LHvery plant answered 
admirably.. I cut them down, and they grew 
more bushy and spread, throwing out fresh 
suckers; and I could soon have filled a paddock 
with the plants. In laying out a piece of ground 
for tussac- grass, the following circumstances 
must be borne in mind:—the plant grows in 
bunches occupying from 2 to 3 and sometimes 
even 5 feet in diameter, and the blades of grass 
when full-grown are 7 or 8 feet long. The roots 
seem forced up from the ground, and I have 
been in patches of fine full-grown tussac in which 
a man on horseback is almost concealed. I should 
therefore sow the seed in rows 2 feet apart, 
some in a garden, and some on exposed points of 
peaty soil close to the sea, and within reach of 
the spray, carefully weeding between the plants 
as they grow up. When they are 9 inches or a 
foot high, the suckers might be separated and 
planted out 3 feet apart in rows. As the plants 
grow large, every alternate row should again be 
planted out, in order to leave room for a man, 
TYLOPHORA. O41 
cow, or horse to pass between the rows without 
treading down the plants. To raise from seed 
appears a more uncertain and much slower me- 
thod than that of planting out suckers from the 
finest plants.” A coloured figure of tussac is 
given in Plate X_XJ. 
TUSSILAGO. See Conn’s Foor. 
TUTSAN. See Hypzrricum. 
TWAYBLADE,—botanically Zistera. A small 
genus of curious, indigenous, perennial-rooted, 
annual-stemmed herbaceous plants, of the oncibi 
order. The ovate-leaved species, Z. ovata, called 
by some botanists Weottza latifolia, inhabits woods, 
groves, and other shady places ; and hasa height 
of about a foot; and carries green-coloured flow- 
ers in May pal June. The heart-leaved species, 
L. cordata, inhabits moist heaths; and has a 
height of about 3 or 4 inches; and carries brown- 
coloured flowers in June and July. Both spe- 
cies may be cultivated in the garden in a mixed 
soil of loam and peat, and are propagated by 
division of the root. 
TWEEDIA. A genus of ornamental, exotic, 
twining plants, of the figwort family. The blue- 
flowered species, 7’. cwrulea, was introduced to 
the greenhouses of Britain about 13 years ago 
from Buenos Ayres. Its root is fibrous; its stem 
is slender, twining, scarcely branching, some- 
what sonst and about 6 feet high; its whole 
surface, except the upper lamina of the corolla, 
is clothed with whitish downy hairs; its leaves 
are opposite, petiolate, cordate-lanceolate, entire, 
from 14 to 2 inches long and 4 an inch broad; 
its er lorcenonee is umbellate, with from 3 to 5 
flowers in each umbel; and its corolla is rotate 
and five-parted, and has a pinkish colour on the 
under surface, and a fine sky-blue colour on the 
upper surface. When the plant is trained to a 
neat trellis in a sunny exposure, the effect of its 
beautiful flowers is extremely fine. The plant 
loves a soil of sandy loam, and may be propa- 
gated from cuttings. A aye similar to indigo 
might probably be obtained from its flowers. 
TWITCH. An instrument used for holding a 
horse in restraint and making him stand quiet 
during a surgical operation. It is made by fix- 
ing a noose of cord to the end of a stick; and is 
put on the horse’s upper lip and twisted rather 
tight. 
TWITCH-GRASS. See Covcn-Grass. 
TYLOPHORA. A genus of ornamental, exotic, 
evergreen twining plants, of the swallow-wort 
family. Three species, all about 10 or 12 feet 
high, blooming in June and July, loving a soil 
of peaty loam, and propagable from cuttings, 
have been introduced to British gardens from 
India and Australia; and two or three more are 
known. The name tylophora signifies “ wart- 
bearing,” and alludes to the leaves of the co- 
rolla. 
TYPHA. See Car’s-Tatt. 
TYPHUS FEVER. See Frvur. 
