VALUATION OF TIMBER. 
VANADIUM. 995) 
ing, we shall at once determine the value of such | A Taste for expeditiously measuring round timber. 
scantling. This calculation is simple and easy, 
-but it occurs so frequently, and for such a variety 
of sizes, that the following table, in which the 
quantities are shown on inspection, will be very 
useful. 
A Tasie showing what length of timber of any 
scantling from 2 inches to 12 inches square, will 
make a cube foot of timber. 
In. In. Fi. In| In. In. Ft. In. 
2by 2 requires 36: 0] 5,, 8 requires 3: 7 
2s, te ; 5 ,, 83 inlength Be 5 
ane : By oy Be 
2, 32 PAY 8 IN by ns OE 3: 0 
Poy, (G# We 8 Oh Be, alo 2:10 
2,, 44 I 8 O Ne Be aoe PBN) 
ORAM) 18D | obiig, Ui 2: 8 
2s (De US}, Bo BU aye eae 2: 6 
Bo AB LY 8 OB Ue 2: 4 
Pipe alee Wobeles. i 
220 10: 8 Gina 10 4: QO 
Qy a yeaidie Jaee (yi One O 3: 8 
25 oy 8) 18 O Bn & 8) w 
245 OF Si SG Bia ve Wek 39) 2 
2,, 9 9.8 0 Gig, fs 3: 0 
2s oe CS ON By keys 2: 10 
ZL C8 Bl BW wo 2 $9) 
23) LOS ® 8 WO Gy po SE 28 (0 
Ao Ail GiseOnl Gee 10 2B TO 
PR oo Wes 6: 4] 6,, 104 7 BG) 
2 ey 14 8 8 OW Boy at Dien 
Oye id Liles ee 
Bey | wD US 8) Oo aly 20:0 
3,, 34 13: 8 
Sinus & U8 OP Wray” We 2 9 ii 
35, 45 10: 8 Dp Gx 2: 9 
Big O SEV Ta Rae aS 206 
By Oy Se We Ola a Cae pose stage) 
Bigg 0 8: 0 Digg ® 9 9 8 
3 ,, 6% eA dee OE Ae @ 
I ayn 8 OT Wo UO rae Ct 
Bien (Gy 6: 4] 7,, 104 scold 
3 8 Og Od Fog Aah 3 
3,, 84 Ot Sm Ri Tiel ig. @ 
Bay) Oy ral nd real re. 
8 on OR 8 
“By gy AD beg NO Ne By gi ks Bg 8 
3 ,, 103 A ATOM ON Ox 74 a 
Bo Il Ast AW le Sisy 5 2 280 
3) 5, Le CEPR A | Sen ERS iL 8, 1@) 
Boy dl 48 OB geld eg 
8 ,, 104 ES 
4, 4 Oe OM e tenes ole LB ie 
4,, 44 88 OI eg wiles iL ge 
4, 8 ZB Bah Srey a2 ig 0G 
2 es} 6: 6 
4, 6 CEROM obra ig 
4,, 6% a 8 Gilly Bg” Oe Ig 8 
Ca | G9 AL he Be A) iL 9.7 
Ay, 1s As Mh Ol, OW. OF 1p 
4,, 8 AVRO. Oh. og dell Un) 
4,, 8} 47°53) 9 ,, 115 i gy & 
4,, om AION |) 19 12, Len 4 
4,, 95 3:2).9 
4 ,, 10 Pe nL Oe nel 0 We 4: 
4,, 103 Boy Bip Ong Os deca 
4,, 11 37) poe eLON DL 1: 4 
4 ,, 114 Sep 2eelO)y,. ae tye 3) 
An 2 oO) L0).) 2 gee 
Dy & O78 Bi) Abs al De 74 
5 ,, .o% & ¢ ahh os kes Leia? 
Nig, AL gol yy} ralil at ah 1 Lever | 
5 5, 63 Aes 5 
OB) bene 7 Ae LN LZ a2 ge 
Dy RS 3: 10 
Quarter : | Quarter Quarter 
girt. Area. girt. Area. girt. Area. 
Inches. | Feet. Inches, | Feet. iene Feet 
6 0:250 12 1:000 18 2:250 
x 272 123 1:042 182 2:376 
2 294. 123 1:085 19 2°506 
62 317 122 1129 192 2°640 
7 0°340 13 1174 20 2717 
1x 364 13 1219 204 OMG) 
73 *390 133 1:265 21 3062 
72 “417 132 1313 213 3'209 
8 0°444 14 1361 op) 3362 
8i 472 143 1410 223 3516 
83 501 143 1-460 23 3°673 
83 ‘O31 142 1511 234 3°835 
9 0°562 15 1562 24 4:000 
92 594 152 1615 242 4168 
93 626 153 1-668 25 4340 
Z 659 153 1:722 252 4516 
10 0:694 16 1777 26 4692 
103 730 164 1833 264 4876 
104 766 163 1890 27 5062 
102 803 162 1:948 274 5252 
11 0:840 17 2006 28 5444 
113 878 17% 2066 283 5640 
113 ‘918 173 2126 29 5°840 
112 950 17z 27187 292 5944 
30 6°250 
EXAMPLE OF THE USE OF THE ABOVE TABLE. 
Having taken the quarter girt of any piece of 
timber by measurement, find the corresponding 
quarter girt in the table, and the number in the 
column headed ‘area’ that stands opposite being 
taken out, is to be multiplied by the length of 
the tree in feet, and the product will be the 
contents in cubic feet and decimals of a foot. 
Thus suppose a piece of timber 16 feet 9 inches 
long, (or 16°75 feet,) and its quarter girt to be 
20 inches; its corresponding area is 2°717, there- 
fore 2°717 X 16:75 = 45°50975 feet the contents. 
VANADIUM. One of the rare metals. It 
was not discovered till 1880; but was then dis- 
covered by two mutually independent parties, in 
the iron ore of Tuberg in Sweden and in a pe- 
culiar mineral at Wanlockhead in Scotland. It 
has a strong metallic lustre and a somewhat 
silver-like appearance, but is so extremely brittle 
that it cannot be removed from the position in 
which it is obtained in its separate or proper 
state without falling into powder. It is insoluble 
in boiling sulphuric, hydrochloric, or hydro- 
fluoric acid; but it dissolves in nitric or nitro- 
muriatic acid, and gives the solution a beautiful 
dark blue colour. It combines in three propor- 
tions with oxygen, forming a protoxide, a binox- 
ide, and an acid; and it combines also with 
chlorine, bromine, sulphur, and phosphorus. 
Vanadic acid is the most important of the com- 
pounds; and has a light rust-yellow colour in 
the state of fine powder, and a reddish colour 
with a shade of orange and a strong lustre in 
a state of fusion; and is tasteless and insoluble 
in alcohol and very slightly soluble in water ; and 
combines somewhat in the manner of a base with 
sulphuric, phosphoric, and phosphoro - silicic 
