Soi 
| VIVES. 
feet high, and carrying red flowers in July and 
August, was introduced about the same period ; 
and upwards of a dozen other species are known. 
VITEX. See Cuastz-Trex. 
VITIS. See Vine and Grape-VIne. 
VITIS IDAIA. See Cowperry. 
VITRIOL. See Surpxuric Actp. 
VITRIOL (Buivz). See Brive Virrrot. 
VITRIOL (Green). See CoppEras. 
VITRIOL (Or or). See SurpHurie Acip. 
VITRIOL (Wuirr). See Wurre Virrion. 
VIVES. A swelling of the parotid gland in 
_ horses. Ifthe tumour be inflamed and painful, 
| it must be fomented or poulticed; if it be hard 
| and free from tenderness, it may be treated with 
|, some stimulating embrocation or blister; and if 
| it suppurate, it must be treated in the manner 
| of an abscess, See the article Azscuss. 
| VOANDZEIA. A small genus of exotic plants, 
of the cesalpinia division of the leguminous or- 
der. The underground species, V. subterranea— 
| called by Linnzeus Glycine subterranea, and popu- 
| larly the subterranean pea—is a native of tropical 
| Africa, and was introduced to Britain in 1823. 
It is a low, annual-rooted creeper; and carries 
_ yellow flowers from June till August; and is 
|| cultivated in its native country as an economical 
| plant. It thrives best in rich mould, 
| VOCHYSIA. A genus of ornamental, tropical, 
| calyciflorous, ligneous plants, constituting the 
natural order Vochysiew or Vochysiacez. Its 
_ species are American shrubs and trees, with oppo- 
_site or whorled, entire, feather-nerved leaves, 
| binate stipules at the base of the leaves, and pa- 
| nicled or thyrsoid terminal racemes of yellow 
flowers. They are near akin. in botanical cha- 
| racter to the Combretacee, agreeing with them 
| in having inverted seeds and convolute cotyle- 
dons; and they are not far from being closely 
allied also to the Onograrie and the Rhizophoree. 
Fifteen are known; and one, the lofty, V. excelsa, 
| an evergreen tree of commonly about 30 or 35 
feet in height, loving a soil of sandy peat, and 
blooming in August and September, was intro- 
duced, about 24 years ago, from Trinidad to the 
botanical collections of Britain. 
VOHIRIA. A small genus of ornamental 
tropical plants, of the gentian family. The ro- 
seate species, V..rosea, an herbaceous evergreen 
of 2 or 3 inches in height, carrying red flowers 
in July and August, was introduced about 27 
years ago from Guiana to the hothouses of Bri- 
tain. It loves a soil of peaty loam, and requires 
to be propagated from seed. 
VOLKAMERIA. A genus of tender, orna- 
mental, evergreen, ligneous plants, of the verbena 
family, It is nearly allied to the clerodendrums. 
Two species, the one a shrub, the other a tree, 
and both loving a soil of peaty loam and propa- 
gable from cuttings, have been introduced to 
British gardens from respectively India and 
Japan, The shrub was introduced in the former 
| 
| 
| 
VOMITING. O97 
by Miller :—“It sends out many weak shrubby 
stalks 12 or 14 feet high, covered with a white 
bark, and garnished with oval spear-shaped 
leaves, 3 inches long, and 14 broad, of a lucid 
green colour and smooth; they are placed by 
pairs on short foot-stalks. The flowers are pro- 
duced from the wings of the stalks in umbellated 
bunches, like the common sort of jasmine to 
which they have a great resemblance, but the 
segments of the petal are not so acute pointed ; 
they are white, and have an agreeable odour; 
and they have each 4 stamina longer than the 
petal, terminated by single summits. The ger- 
men turns to a roundish capsule with 2 cells, 
each including one seed.” The juice of the root 
and leaves has a bitter taste, and is prescribed 
by the Hindoo physicians, either alone or in con- 
junction with a little castor-oil, as an alterative 
in scrofula and similar affections. 
VOMITING. The morbid or provoked regur- 
gitation and rejection of food, drink, or other 
substances in the stomach of ananimal. Regur- 
gitation, in any form, from any cause, with or 
without rejection, cannot take place in mono- 
dactyles, particularly in the horse, in consequence 
of the peculiar organization of the stomach. See 
the article Sromacu. Regurgitation, of a regu- 
lar, functional, ruminantial kind, unaccompanied 
by rejection, and constituting part of an ela- 
borate process of digestion, is natural and neces- 
sary in all oxen, sheep, and other ruminants. See 
the article Rumination. Regurgitation of a com- 
binedly functional and forced kind, partly natural 
yet occasionally provoked, occurs in the canine 
and the feline tribes. “The dog,” remarks De- 
labere Blaine, “ swallows a large quantity of food 
at a time, and either by a partial deposit, or by 
delaying the process of digestion, he keeps it un- 
til he has found a hiding-place, when he regur- 
gitates a portion or the whole. This must have 
been witnessed by most persons who have had 
bitches with their whelps in their possession. 
Vomition is certainly encouraged by the dog, 
who eats an emetic grass for the purpose; but 
the act is altogether a different one to that of 
(simple) regurgitation, as must be evident to any 
one who observes it. In (simple) regurgitation, 
the matters seem either not to have entered the 
stomach, and to have occupied only the cavity 
which exists around the cesophagus to favour its 
distention, or otherwise, by some capability in 
the stomach, it is received and retained at its 
very entrance, for its regurgitation is without 
effort, and the abdominal muscles are hardly 
called into action at all. Vomition, on the con- 
trary, in him employs the abdominal muscles 
most forcibly; and it seems designed that he 
should have this means of relief at hand, seeing 
his stomach is placed so as to be immediately 
within the sphere of their action, which is so 
necessary to the act that, without their aid, at- 
tempts may be made, but are ineffectual, in pro- 
curing vomition.” In other canine animals, and 
part of last century, and is described as follows 
