“WALL-EYE. 
purplish flowers, and almost all the rest have 
white flowers; about one-third have marginate 
seeds, and most of the others have immarginate 
seeds; about one-fourth or so are more or less 
ornamental, and all the rest are uninteresting 
and weedy; all are hardy, and most thrive well 
on rock-work, old walls, or any common soil. 
The indigenous species are the hairy, A. hirsuta, 
an erect weedy perennial of about a foot in 
_ height, inhabiting the rocks of both England and 
| Scotland, and carrying white flowers from May 
| till July; the upright, A. erecta, an erect hand- 
some perennial, of about 6 inches in height, in- 
habiting the rocks of some parts of England, and 
| carrying cream-coloured flowers in May; the 
tower mustard, A. turrita, an erect weedy bien- 
nial, of about 20 inches in height, inhabiting 
walls in some parts of England, and carrying sul- 
| phur-coloured flowers in April and May; the 
| common or Thalius’s, A. thaliana, a weedy annual, 
_ of about a foot in height, inhabiting walls in both 
| England and Scotland, and carrying white flowers 
in April and May; the ciliated, A. cdliata, a 
handsome biennial of about 6 inches in height, 
| inhabiting the shores of some parts of Ireland, 
and carrying white flowers in June and July ; 
and the rock, A. peirwa, a creeping ornamental 
perennial, of about 6 inches in height, inhabiting 
the rocks of Scotland, though introduced of a 
| more normal form from Austria, carrying white 
| flowers in May and July, and comprising a has- 
_ tulate-leaved, purple-flowered variety, which in- 
| habits rocks in both England and Scotland. 
WALL-EYE. A horse’s eye, with a whitish 
or light-coloured iris.. A wall-eyed horse is 
generally good. 
WALLFLOWER,—botanically Checranthus. A 
genus of ornamental, fragrant, evergreen plants, 
of the cruciferous order. One species grows wild 
in Britain; about a dozen species, besides many 
varieties, have been introduced from other coun- 
tries, principally Southern Europe and Northern 
Africa ; and six or seven other species are known. 
One of the species in Britain, C. ochroleucus, is a 
hardy, evergreen herb; and all the other species 
are greenhouse or frame or slightly tender ever- 
green undershrubs, varying in height from 6 to 
40 inches; and about one half have scarcely any 
styles and immarginate seeds, while the rest have 
filiform styles, marginate seeds, and four-sided 
silicles. 
The indigenous or small shrubby wallflower, 
Cheiranthus fruticulosus, inhabits old walls in 
various parts of Britain, and is also admitted to 
a place in flower-gardens. Its stem is erect, 
shrubby, determinately branched, and from 6 to 
20 inches high; its branches are angular, leafy, 
and beset with close, bristly, silvery hairs; its 
leaves are stalked, crowded, lanceolate, acute, 
and of a deep green colour; and its flowers are 
corymbose, fragrant, and of a bright yellow col- 
our, and bloom from April till July. This plant, 
being a native, might be thought quite hardy ; 
WALLFLOWER. 
but, when cultivated in cold situations, it some- 
times requires a little winter protection. In its 
wild state on walls, it has very tough roots and 
firm stalks, and is seldom more than 6 or 8 inches 
high; and, in spite of being much exposed to 
winds and frosts, is far hardier than when grown 
any where in the garden. 
The garden wallflower, Chetranthus chetré, is 
sometimes regarded asa variety of the indigenous 
species, but it really comprises at least a dozen 
pretty distinct varieties of its own, most of which 
were introduced from the South of Europe, so 
long ago as the year 1573,—and it always comes 
true and distinct from its own seeds, and cannot 
be obtained from those of the indigenous species. 
It has always a natural height of between 15 and 
36 inches,—generally about 2 feet; it normally 
possesses in its flowers an orange or golden col- 
our, yet commonly displays markings or stains 
or pervading tints of some dark colour between 
orange and blood, but, in this respect, has great 
diversity of character, and sometimes displays 
more yellow, and at other times more blood or 
bloody brown ; and it sports into many subvarie- | 
ties from seeds, and has produced a great num- 
ber of most elegant and gorgeous double kinds, 
and can be fixed and perpetuated in any of its 
fine forms by the simple expedient of annual or 
biennial cuttings. Eleven of the oldest varieties 
of it, all kept up and propagated by means of 
cuttings, are the yellow double-flowered, C. C. 
jiore pleno, with luscious spikes of double flowers, 
displaying a habit of inflorescence similar to that 
of the finest double stocks; the large-flowered, 
C. C. grandiflorus, with large-petalled yellow 
flowers; the largest, C. C. maximus, also with 
large-petalled yellow flowers; the saw-flowered, 
C. C. serratus, with serrated-petalled yellow flow- 
ers; the spreading, C. C. patulus, with double 
spreading yellow flowers; the rusty, O. C. ferrugz- 
neus, with brown or rust-coloured flowers; the 
flavescent, CO. C. flavescens, with yellowish flowers ; 
the various, C. C. varius, with variegated flowers ; 
the thyrse-flowered, C. C. thyrsozdes, with blood- 
coloured variegated flowers; the bloody, C. C. 
sanguineus, with dark or bloody brown flowers ; 
and the double bloody-flowered, C. C. hemanthus, 
with double blood-coloured flowers. 
Some confusion of ideas prevails among cottage 
florists on the subject of the cultivation of the 
garden wallflower, occasioned by inadvertence to 
the distinction between it and other species, and 
between its own normal habit and the habit of 
its mere varieties. The wallflowers commonly 
called German, and somewhat recently come into 
notice, are readily produced from imported seed, 
and often develop themselves out of seedling 
state in extraordinary habit of growth and in 
semidouble fulness and singular colouring of 
flowers. They are well worth cultivating, and 
only require sowing in the open ground, planting 
out, when large enough, where they are to grow, 
and saving the seed for another year. Some are 
