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608 WALLFLOWER. 
| very nearly double, yet differ widely from the 
ordinary double wallflowers, for they have the 
| organs of reproduction and seed freely. As to 
| common single garden wallflowers, the seed 
_ are up, they should be watered as often as re- 
| quired ; and as soon as they are two or three 
| inches high, they should be planted out in nur- 
_ sery beds, or where they are to remain for bloom. 
_ They will flower very early in the spring, and 
| want nothing in the way of attention all through 
| double wallflowers, whether the dark blood, the 
golden, or the pale yellow, are of a habit highly 
| favourable for propagation. When the bloom is 
over, they require watering quite as much as 
when coming into flower; and it is a very good 
| plan, when the flower is declining, to plant them 
out in the open ground, give them plenty of 
| water, and pick off all the remaining flowers, as 
well as any that may be coming from side shoots. 
Soon after they have been so planted out, they 
will throw out shoots all over the stems. These 
_ are to be taken or stripped off as soon as they 
| are large enough, and planted all over the space 
_ that can be covered with a hand-glass, not more 
| than an inch apart. The soil must be rich 
and light, but not fresh manured; and when 
_ they are planted and well-watered, the glass must 
_ be pressed down close to exclude the air. Where 
_ this is done on a smaller scale, pots may be filled 
_ with the proper soil, loam, peat, and leaf mould, 
_ and the few cuttings placed away from the edges, 
_ so that a goblet or small bell-glass may be pressed 
_ down within the rim. In either case the cuttings 
_ will require occasional watering and shading 
_ until they have struck, when they may be potted, 
_ one in a forty-eight sized pot, and placed still in 
| the shade, on a dry surface of ashes, or gravel, or 
| slate, or paving of some kind, until the end of 
| September, when they may be put into their 
_ winter quarters, which should be a common gar- 
den frame and light. But they should be covered 
_ only during the night and in hard weather; for 
| it is impossible to give them too much air. Here 
_ they may be kept until they flower, after which, 
_ if they are to be grown another season, they must 
_ be shifted to pots of thirty-two to the cast, as 
| soon as the bloom decays, and then all their 
_ shoots must be allowed to grow, instead of being 
| taken off for cuttings. Plants of the second year, 
_ however, though they grow larger, bloom smaller 
flowers; and therefore wallflowers, like pinks 
_ and pansies and many other subjects, are annu- 
_ally raised from cuttings. 
_ The other principal introduced species of wall- 
_ flower are the pale-yellow, C. ochroleucus, about 
_ 9 inches high, car rying pale yellow flowers from 
_ April till July, thriving well in any common soil, 
_ propagable by Baitigall “division, and introduced 
| from Switzerland in 1820; the tree, C. arboreus, 
| about 3 or 33 feet high, carrying yellow flowers 
| from April till IN, loving a soil of ane yee, 
er nial 
} 
} 
should be sown in June or July; and when they | 
_ their culture, but keeping clear from weeds. The | 
WALNUT. 
and introduced from Egypt in 1827; the firm, C. 
Jirmus, about a foot high, carrying yellow flowers 
from May till July, loving a soil of sandy peat, 
and introduced from Continental Europe in 1816; 
the alpine, C. alpinus, about 6 inches high, car- 
rying yellow flowers from May till July, loving a 
soil of sandy peat, and introduced from Northern 
Kurope in 1810; the fine-leaved, OC. tenuzfolius, 
about 2 feet high, carrying yellow flowers in 
May and June, loving a soil of loamy peat, and 
introduced from Madeira in 1777 ; the flax-leaved, 
C. linifolius, about 2 feet high, carrying purple 
flowers from March till August, loving a soil of |. 
sandy loam, and introduced from Spain in 1815; 
the ever-blooming, C. semperflorens, about 2 feet 
high, carrying white flowers throughout the 
greater part of the year, loving a soil of sandy 
loam, and introduced from Barbary in 1815; the 
changeable, C. mutabilis, about 3 feet high, car- 
rying yellow and purple fiowers from March till 
May, loving a soil of loamy peat, and introduced 
from Madeira in 1777; the long-leaved, C. longi- 
folius, about 3 feet high, carrying white and 
purple flowers from September till December, 
thriving in any common soil, and introduced 
from Madeira in 1815; and the broom, C. scopa- 
rius, about 3 feet high, carrying white and 
purple flowers from May till October, but 
comprising also two varieties with respectively 
rust-coloured flowers and yellow and purple 
flowers, loving a soil of rich mould, and intro- 
duced from Teneriffe in 1812. Most of these re- 
quire nearly the same treatment as the common 
garden wallflowers ; only those from sub-tropical 
countries are comparatively tender, and need the | 
protection of the greenhouse. 
WALLNUT. See Waunur. 
WALL-PELLITORY. See Peniirory. 
WALL-PEPPER. See Stonrcrop. 
WALLROTHIA. A small genus of hardy, 
exotic, tuberous-rooted, white-flowered plants, of 
the umbelliferous order. Two species, the tu- 
berous about an inch or two high, and the shining 
about a foot high, have been introduced to Bri- 
tain from respectively Hungary and the Pyre- 
nees; and both bloom from May till July, and 
thrive in any common soil. 
WALL RUE, —botanicaily Asplenitum ruta- 
muraria. A curious indigenous fern, of the 
spleenwort genus. It grows on rocky places on 
the shore, and has bipinnate fronds and a height 
of about 4 inches, and carries a brown-coloured 
frutescence from June till October. 
WALNUT,—botanically Juglans. A genus of 
monochlamydeous, hardy, deciduous, ornamental, | 
fruiting timber-trees, constituting with the genus 
Carya the natural order Juglandew or Juglanda- | 
cee. All the plants of this order are large trees, | 
with pinnate leaves, small insignificant flowers, | 
and esculent-kernelled nuts; and most are na- \ 
{| 
| 
tives of North America. They belong to the 
Linnean class Monecia and order Polyandria , 
ne the male Ons a in OO Sea 
