i  sesonE. 
| érés. 
| quatic, indigenous plant, of the plantain family. 
ee  — — ——————————————————————————————————————— EEE ——eeee 
tween the bars and crust. When this is done, 
- the horse will always be free from corns, what- 
ever be the form of the shoe. Beside this, the 
heels of the shoe should be made to rest on the 
junction of the bar with the crust. If a shoe 
does not leave ample space for a picker to be 
passed under it, either the shoe or the sole should 
be made more concave. When the sole appears 
in flakes and thick in substance, it will be better 
to make the sole sufficiently hollow to admit of 
the application of a flat shoe, as it will rest only 
in that case on the crust. But when the sole 
will not allow of being thus pared, the shoe must 
then be made sufficiently concave on the surface 
next the foot, that the picker may be passed 
easily under it. But even in flat or convex feet, 
the horn is generally sufficiently strong towards 
the heels to allow of being pared moderately and 
made concave. In shoeing the hind foot, it will 
be sufficient to pare off the horn from the sole, 
and make an even surface for the shoe, which may 
always be flat on both surfaces ; as no inconveni- 
ence would arise if it happen to bear a little on 
the sole. It is usual to turn up one or both heels 
of the hind shoe to prevent slipping. This should 
not be done unless the horse is worked in situa- 
tions which render it necessary; and then the 
outer heel only should be turned up, and the in- 
ner heel made thicker than the toe and quarter, 
so that both heels may be equal.”—See the arti- 
cles Foot, Parine tHE Hoor, Navicunar Bons, 
GRogainuss, and FounpER. 
SHOODS. Oat hulls. 
SHOREWEED,—botanically Littorella Lacus- 
A beautiful, perennial, herbaceous, suba- 
It inhabits wet sandy places on the shores. Its 
root is tap-shaped and fleshy, and throws up 
many long, linear, channelled leaves; and its 
flowers have a whitish-green colour, and bloom 
from June till August. Some flowers on any 
one plant are barren, and others fertile; and the 
barren ones have long tremulous stamens. 
SHORT-HORNS. See Carrzn. 
SHOT-OF-BLOOD. See InrnamMatory Frver. 
SHOULDER. The shoulder of the horse de- 
mands the special study of both the breeder and 
the veterinarian. The muscles of it must be 
bulky enough to confer a considerable degree of 
power, and to maintain a sufficient continuance 
of exertion; but they should not be so bulky or 
mis-shapen as to give the shoulder a loaded ap- 
pearance ; and those of all saddle-horses should 
increase from the neck backward with such 
imperceptible gradation as to make neck and 
shoulder seem to be of one piece. The two 
bones, the scapula and the humerus, should 
stand, not on a straight line to each other, but 
obliquely,—the scapula inclining so far backward 
that the lower end shall meet the humerus in a 
slanting direction ; for when they are thus ad- | 
justed, they obviate concussion and greatly fa- 
cilitate all the actions of the limb, and conduce 
to rapidity of motion, and render the paces of 
the animal eminently smooth and safe. A horse 
with an upright shoulder has always a compara- 
tively large supply of humeral muscle, and is 
thick and cloddy about the upper part of the 
neck, and must, in consequence, be proportion- 
ally heavy, ill-going, and unsymmetrical in all the 
actions of the fore-part of his body. 
A lameness or sprain in the shoulder of the 
horse is not infrequent. The most common 
cause of it is a mis- “step or some twist or out- 
stretch in action. It is situated too deep to 
show itself by any external signs upon its im- 
mediate seat, or to be discoverable by means of 
anything which can be seen or felt there ; and 
is indicated principally by the peculiar gait of 
the animal, or by the dragging of his toe and 
the circuitous fling he gives the limb in action, 
corroborated by the absence of any other visible 
or assignable cause for the lameness. If a doubt 
exist as to whether the evil be in the shoulder 
or in the leg or in the toe, an expression of great 
pain on the horse’s part when the foot of the 
affected limb is lifted and then brought consi- 
derably forward will decidedly indicate the lame- 
ness to be in the shoulder, The proper remedies 
are the drawing of blood from the vein on the 
inside of the arm, the giving of a dose of physic, 
the application of fomentations on the inside of 
the arm close to the chest, the keeping of the 
animal quiet and comfortable, and, if all these 
remedies prove insufficient, in the course of 
eight or ten days, the blistering of the whole 
surface around the point of the shoulder by 
means of an infusion of cantharides applied 
without removing the hair. 
SHOVEL. A hand-implement of the spade 
kind, used for collecting and lifting. It differs 
from a true spade in having a broader and thin- 
ner blade, and in not being used for cutting and 
digging. Several varieties of it are used on the 
farm, for widely different purposes, and differing 
from one another in the size, form, and material 
of the blade. The barn shovel is the most re- 
markable, and generally has the blade of wood, 
sometimes edged with iron. 
SHOVELER, — scientifically Anas Clypeata. 
A winged winter visiter of Britain, belonging to 
the swan group of palmipede birds. It is called 
also the broad-bill and the blue-winged shoveler. 
Its total length is about 20 inches. The head 
and the upper part of the neck of the adult male 
is green ; the lower part of the neck is white ; 
and the other parts of the body display mixtures 
and shadings of white, pale blue, dark brown, 
and other colours. The shoveler frequents lakes, 
rivers, marshes, and muddy shores; and feeds 
on grasses, herbs, worms, insects, and small 
aquatic animals ; and selects its food in shallow - 
water. 
SHOWEL. A blind for a cow’s eyes. 
SHREW, —zoologically Sorex. A genus of 
small carnivorous mammals, somewhat allied to 
