3604 STUBBLE, 
leaves are alternate, and of similar size and shape 
to those of the common cherry-tree, with fine 
green upper surface and very acutely serrated 
| edges; and its flowers come out from the sides 
of the branches, and have a white colour and an 
elegant and delicate appearance, and bloom from 
May till August. This plant loves a loamy soil, 
with some little admixture of peat; and is pro- 
pagated from layers or from seeds.—The five- 
styled species, S. pentagynia, called by some bo- 
| tanists Malachodendron ovatum, was introduced 
from North America in 1785, and has a similar 
height to the preceding, and blooms in July and 
August.—The name Stuartia is honorary of an 
_ Earl of Bute who was skilled in botany; and the 
| name Malachodendron is appellationally descrip- 
tive of the softness of the tree. 
STUB. A wound in the foot or leg of a horse 
with a splinter. It ought to be carefully exam- 
ined, and made clean of any part of the splinter 
which may be found in it, and afterwards treated 
in the same manner as any other punctured 
wound. See the article Wounp. 
STUBBLE. The lower part of the culms of 
the cereal grasses left standing in the field after 
the operation of reaping. The burning of stub- 
ble was a common practice in the ancient agri- 
cultural usages of the Eastern world; and was 
recommended by some Roman writers on hus- 
bandry as an excellent means of destroying the 
seeds of weeds; and is alluded to in such passages 
of Sacred Scripture as the following :—“ There- 
fore as the fire devoureth the stubble, and the 
flame consumeth the chaff, so their root shall be 
as rottenness ;’—“ And the house of Jacob shall 
be a fire, and the house of Joseph a flame, and 
the house of Esau for stubble; and they shall 
kindle in them and devour them, and there shall 
not be any of the house of Esau remaining.” 
The burning of stubble, and even of straw, has 
been tried also in the modern improved agricul- 
tural practices of Europe; but though in some 
instances seemingly beneficial, it really involves 
in every case a great waste of manurial matter. 
See the article Asuzs. The leaving of long stub- 
ble, by cutting the corn high, was likewise a 
practice of many of the ancients, and is perpetu- 
ated by some of the moderns; but whether the 
portion of available straw left in the form of long 
stubble be eaten by cattle depastured upon it, or 
be simply turned into the soil with the plough, 
it cannot possibly be so productive of ulterior 
advantages as if it were cut down, and carried 
to the farmery, and there employed for fodder 
and litter. See the article Straw. All principles 
of good reaping require the culms of corn to be 
cut as low as possible. 
STUBWOOD. Young wood rising from the 
stubs of felled trees, or any growing wood in 
hedge-rows different from timber, pollard, or 
quicks. 
STUMP. The stool of a felled tree; or the 
standing part of a fractured or fallen tree; or 
STYPHELIA. 
any clubbish, lumpish, or basal remnant of a 
fractured, cylindrical, organic body. 
STURDY. See Hyparip. 
STURK. A young bullock or heifer. 
word is provincial. 
STY. A piggery or small structure for the 
housing of hogs. 
STYLE. The middle part of the pistil of a 
phenogamous plant. It is an elongation of the 
ovary, and is crowned by the stigma. In some 
cases it is deciduous, and falls when the ovary 
is ripe; and in others, it is persistent, and ad- 
heres to the fruit. 
STYLIDIUM. A genus of curious, ornamen- 
tal, Australian, evergreen, calyciflorous plants, 
constituting the natural order Stylidee. This 
genus or order is characterized by the position 
and character of the stigma, and has been the 
subject of much conflict of opinion among botan- 
ists. The stigma was supposed by the older bo- 
tanists to exist at the base of the column; and 
was identified by later ones with the fifth lobe of 
the corolla or lip; but is now known to be situ- 
ated at the top of the column, in a cavity sur- 
rounded by the anthers. The column assumes a 
position outside of the corolla, by bending back 
between its lobes; and when touched near its 
base in the slightest manner with a pin, it in- 
stantly leaps forward to the other side of the 
flower,—and after remaining for a short time 
there, it gradually resumes its former situation. 
About a dozen species have been introduced to 
the gardens of Britain; and nearly forty more 
are known. Most are natives of New Holland 
and Van Diemen’s Land, and occur in wide dis- 
persion and in comparative profusion from within 
the tropics to the southern shores. All are herbs 
or semi-herbaceous shrubs; and most have pink 
or rose-coloured flowers, adorned with glittering 
glands. The introduced species vary in height 
from 6 to 25 inches, and love a soil of sandy peat; 
and most bloom in summer, and require to be 
propagated from seeds. 
STYLOSANTHES. A diversified genus of tro- 
pical, yellow-flowered plants, of the hedysarum 
division of the leguminous order. Six species,— 
variously annual, evergreen herb, evergreen un- 
dershrub, and evergreen creeper, and all requir- 
ing to be propagated from seeds,—have been in- 
troduced to Britain ; and several more are known. 
STYPANDRA. A genus of ornamental, Aus- 
tralian plants, of the asphodel family. Five spe- 
cies—all between 10 and 24 inches high—four of 
them herbaceous and the other shrubby—three 
of them white-flowered and the others respec- 
tively azure-flowered and violet-flowered—have 
been introduced to Britain; and the three white- 
flowered herbaceous ones love a soil of rich mould, 
and are propagated by radical division. 
STYPHELIA. A genus of ornamental, Aus- 
tralian, evergreen shrubs, of the epacris family. 
Hight or nine species, varying in height from 3 
to 7 feet, and carrying either green or pink or 
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