aie SUN-ROSE. | 
Nv Eta al 
shrubs of from 1 foot to 6 feet in height, all exo- 
tic, one or two of them hardy, and the rest some- 
what tender; and its sepals generally amount 
to three, but sometimes to five,—its petals are 
very often spotted at the base,—and its stig- 
mas are capitate and subtrilobed. The umbel- 
flowered species, H. wmbellatum, belonging to 
this group, is particularly handsome, and has 
white flowers. It was introduced from the South 
of Europe in 1731; it comprises two varieties,— 
the erect and the subdecumbent; and it has a 
height of about 2 feet, and blooms from June 
till August.—Another subgenus comprises three 
hardy herbaceous perennials, one hardy ever- 
green undershrub, and three more or less tender 
evergreen undershrubs,—and almost all about 10 
or 12 inches in height ; its sepals, as also those 
of all the remaining subgenera, amount to five, 
—its outer sepals are linear, —its stigmas are 
large and capitate,—and its capsules are smooth, 
| three-valved, and three-celled.—A third sub- 
| genus comprises five hardy annuals, one hardy 
undershrub, and three herbaceous perennials,— 
almost all about 6 or 8 inches in height; and its 
outer sepals are variable in size,—its petals are 
often spotted at the base,—its styles are scarcely 
perceptible,—and its stigmas are capitate. The 
spotted-flowered sun-rose, H. guttatum, a species 
belonging to this group, is an annual indigen of 
the sandy pastures of some parts of England.— 
A fourth subgenus comprises seven or eight hardy 
annuals, varying in height from 3 to 14 inches ; 
and its outer sepals are very small,—its petals 
are small and often spotted at the base, —its 
stigmas are simple,—and its capsules are trique- 
trous. The ledum-leaved species, H. ledifolium, 
belonging to this group, is an indigen of the 
sandy pastures of some parts of England, and 
has a height of about 6 inches.—A fifth subgenus 
comprises four or five exotic evergreen under- 
shrubs, principally about a foot in height, and 
most of them erect; and its sepals have a silky 
exterior,—its outer sepals are very small,—its 
styles are twisted at the base,—and its capsules 
are pilose or woolly.—A sixth subgenus comprises 
about a dozen erect, exotic, evergreen under- 
shrubs, of from 6 to 25 inches in height; and its 
calyx, in the early stages of development, is 
twisted, —its outer sepals are small, —and its 
stigmas are capitate and trilobate—A seventh 
subgenus, so similar to the true rock-roses as to 
be called pseudocistus, comprises eight or nine 
trailing evergreen undershrubs, and about the 
same number of erect ones,—most of the former 
hardy, and most of the latter somewhat tender ; 
and its outer sepals are very small,—its petals 
also are small,—its styles are twisted at the base, 
—and its stigmas are capitate and trilobed. The 
marum-leaved species, 1. marifoliwm, a hardy, 
evergreen trailer belonging to this group, is a 
native of the rocky portions of some of the lofty 
mountains of Britain——An eighth subgenus, so 
eminently exhibiting the proper characteristics 
SUTHERLANDIA. 387 
of the sun-roses as to be called euhelianthemum, 
comprises all the rest of the genus except one 
anomalous species, and is therefore much the 
largest subgenus, and consists in a main degree 
of hardy trailing evergreen undershrubs,—most 
of which have a height of from 4 to 10 inches ; 
and its outer sepals are small,—its stigmas are 
simple,—and its capsules are three-valved and 
one-celled, The common sun-rose, H. vulgare, 
belonging to this group, is an indigen of the 
grassy banks and calcareous hills of many parts 
of Britain, and is one of the best known species 
even in gardens, and may be regarded as a good 
and fair specimen of the whole genus. Its stems 
are slender and leafy, and extend trailingly to 
the distance of nearly a foot in various direc- 
tions; its leaves are small, oblong, dark green 
above, and greyish below; its flowers come out 
at the end of the stems in loose spikes, and have 
a deep yellow colour, and spread open during the 
day, but shut close in the evening, and bloom 
from May till September ; and its capsules are 
roundish, and enclose many angular seeds. 
Double-flowered varieties occur in gardens, with 
respectively common yellow flowers, dark yellow 
flowers, large dark yellow flowers, blood-coloured 
flowers, and variegated leaves. Three other in- 
digenous species belong to the same group,—the 
tomentose, H. tomentosum, a trailer of the Scot- 
tish Highlands, with larger stems than the com- 
mon sun-rose, carrying yellow flowers in July 
and August; the polium-leaved, H. polifolium, a 
trailer of the downs of England, with stems 
about 6 or 8 inches long, carrying white flowers 
from May till July; and the Surrey, 1. surre- 
janum, a trailer of the chalk hills of the south 
of England, with stems nearly a foot long, carry- 
ing yellow flowers from July till October. 
SUPPURATION. The process of forming 
purulent matter under certain kinds of inflam- 
matory action. See the articles Purutent Mar- 
TER and INFLAMMATION. 
SURBATING. Inflammation of the horse’s 
foot. See the article Foor, 
SURFACE DRAINING. See Drarnine. 
SURFEIT. A disease of the horse’s skin, con- | 
sisting in the eruption of scabs or small pustules, | 
notwithstanding all due attention to cleanli- 
ness and grooming, It seems to arise from a 
diseased state of the stomach and the intestines; | 
and in every ordinary case, it ought to be at- 
tacked with alternately a mild purgative and an 
alterative, accompanied by the use of warm 
clothing,—and in a very bad or stubborn case, 
it should be further treated with bleeding and 
aloetic physic,—and, if it do not give way to these 
remedies, it may be regarded as the precursor 
or covering of a worse malady. See the article 
MANGE. 
SURVEYING. See Lanp-Surveyine. 
SUTHERLANDIA. An ornamental, evergreen, 
@ape-of-Good-Hope shrub, of the lotus division of 
the leguminous order. It constitutes a genus of 
