renee 
9392 SWELLED LEGS. 
SYNOVIA. 
pregnated only by one another’s own pollen. The! perennial-rooted ones, all about a span high, 
single kinds are propagated from seeds, and the 
double kinds from layers. Seeds must be saved 
from select plants in August, and sown on a bed 
of light earth about the end of March or begin- 
ning of April; the seedlings must be planted out, 
in June, into prepared beds, at distances of about 
6 inches; and the young plants should be trans- 
planted in October to their final situation, where 
they will bloom in the following June and July. 
The layers of the double kinds are managed in 
the same way as those of carnations. A method 
of propagating sweet williams by slipping their 
roots at Christmas is often practised; but it is 
coarse and very degenerating, and nearly as 
troublesome as the proper methods. 
SWELLED LEGS. Acute inflammation of the 
cellular substance of the legs of horses, accom- 
panied with the effusion of fluid into the cellular 
membrane. It is very varied in symptom, and 
still more varied in cause; and occurs oftener in 
working horses than in saddie ones, and oftener 
in the hind legs than in the fore legs. It some- 
times appears as a sudden and violent and enor- 
mous swelling from the hock to the fetlock, ac- 
companied with heat, tenderness, considerable 
feverishness, and a very peculiar lameness; and 
in this form, it attacks principally young horses 
who have been pampered with food and not duly 
exercised,—and must be treated with fomenta- 
tions and physicking, and, if necessary, with 
moderate bleeding. It sometimes appears as a 
sudden and prodigious swelling, with little or no 
accompanying lameness, or as a vast gorging of 
the limbs, with very great accompanying pain 
and stiffness, or as a kind of simple chronic swell- 
ing, tending to abscess and eventually to grease ; 
and in these forms, it is often troublesome and 
refractory, and must be treated with purgatives 
and diuretics, and, if the animal be in high con- 
dition, with also moderate bleeding. But the 
disease sometimes has different characters from 
these, and arises from widely different and even 
totally contrasted causes,—such as fitfully irre- 
gular work, alternations of violent exercise and 
none, difficulty in the seasonal moulting of the 
coat, and even downright starvation; and in all 
these cases, it must be treated with means of 
renovation and strengtheming, such as mild diu- 
retics, tonics, cordials, and hand-rubbing,—varied 
and modified in adaptation to the special causes 
and symptoms. 
SWERTIA. See FEenworr. 
SWIETENIA. See Manogany. 
SWIFT. Birds of the martin or martinet 
group. See the article Martin, 
SWINE. See Hoa. 
SWINE-CRUE. A hog’s sty. 
SWINE’S CRESS. See Warr Cruss. 
SWINE’S SUCCORY,—botanically Ayoservs. 
A genus of hardy, yellow-flowered, exotic, her- 
baceous plants, of the succory division of the 
composite order. Two annual species, and two 
-RHEUMATISM. 
thriving in any common soil, and blooming in 
the latter part of summer, have been introduced 
to Britain from the sea-boards of the Mediter- 
ranean; but they possess little interest. 
SWINGLE-TREE. See Provex. 
SWING-PLOUGH. See Proven. 
SWITCHING. Lopping off the salient branches, 
protruding twigs, and exuberant points of a 
hedge, so as to clear it of all straggling growth, 
and reduce it to regular dimensions. The im- 
plement with which this operation is performed 
is called a switching-bill ; and has a curved blade 
of about 9 inches in length and 14 inch in 
breadth, fixed elongatedly on a haft of about 24 
feet in length; and is used with a stroke directed 
upward and inclined backward. See the article 
Hrper. 
SYCAMORE. See Martz. 
SYMPHORIA. See Saint Perer’s Wort. 
SYMPHYTUM. See Comrrey. 
SYMPLOCOS. A genus of ornamental, ever- 
green, corolliflorous, exotic shrubs, constituting 
the small natural order Symplocinee. It is 
nearly allied to the epacris and the storax orders. 
The leaves of all the species are serrated and be- 
come yellow in drying,—and those of most are 
astringent; and the flowers of all are white or 
yellow, and of small size,—and those of some are 
fragrant. The dyer’s or laurel-leaved species, S. 
tinctoria, is a native of Carolina, and was intro- 
duced to Britain in 1780. It has a height of 
about 3 feet, and carries yellow flowers, and is 
propagated by layering. Its foliage, under the 
name of sweet leaf, is used by the Americans for 
yielding a yellow dye.—The Chinese species, S. 
sinica, was introduced from China in 1822; and 
it has a similar height to the preceding, and car- 
ries white flowers in May, and is propagated from 
cuttings.—Both species love a soil of peaty loam. 
SYNAPTAS. A peculiar nitrogenous sub- 
stance which cannot be preserved when dissolved 
in water. The solution of it speedily becomes 
turbid, and deposits a white precipitate, and ac- 
quires an offensive putrid smell. 
SYNGENESIA. See Borany. 
SYNNOTIA. A small genus of ornamental, 
bulbous-rooted, Cape-of-Good-Hope plants, of the 
iris order. Three species, the variegated, the 
two-coloured, and the helmeted, the first and 
second about 6 inches high, the third about a 
foot high, and all blooming in spring, have heen 
introduced to the greenhouses of Britain. They 
are akin to the ixias and the gladioli; and they 
love a mixed soil of sand and peat and loam. 
SYNOVIA. The mucilaginous secretion which 
lubricates the joints of animals, and is popularly 
but erroneously called joint-oil. It has a con- 
sistency similar to the fluid white of an egg, and 
seems to be secreted by the vessels of the cap- 
sular ligaments, and, when secreted in excess, 
constitutes capsular dropsy. See the article 
