SYRUP. 
SYRINGA. See Linac and PHinaDELPHUS. 
SYRUP. A saturated solution of sugar. It 
may be either simple, as a mere form or variety 
of sugar itself; or flavoured with essential oils 
or fragrant vegetable substances, as a liquid con- 
fection ; or impregnated with any one or more 
drugs capable of thoroughly combining with it, 
as a compound medicine. Many syrups figure 
in the pharmacopceias; but, with a few excep- 
tions, they might be very advantageously sub- 
stituted by infusions, decoctions, tinctures, or 
some other ordinary forms of exhibition. Sugar 
can serve at best as only a means of modifying 
the nauseousness of drugs combined with it,— 
and to some palates it rather heightens that nau- 
: ne es 
TADPOLE. 
seousness than decreases it, while to few or none 
can it conceal it so well as some other plain and 
common accompaniments would do. All syrups 
should be clarified by means of a little white of 
egg beat into a froth, and should have a specific 
gravity of 1385 when cold; but, however care- 
fully and exactly made, they are liable to fer- 
ment and become asescent in a temperature above 
60° Fahrenheit,—and if they be not well boiled 
and have not enough of sugar, they will ferment 
in almost any ordinary circumstances,—while, 
if they contain an excess of sugar, they will 
speedily undergo crystallization of part of it and 
spoiling of the rest. 
OILS PPD DD NOLL PAPAL RNAP ISSN. AINSI RRS RA art 
T 
TABACUM. See Tozacco. 
TABERNAMONTANA. A genus of orna- 
mental, evergreen, ligneous, tropical plants, of 
the dog’s-bane tribe. Upwards of a dozen spe- 
cies, varying in height from 4 to 45 feet, mostly 
carrying either white, yellow, or cream-coloured 
flowers, and all loving a soil of rich mould and 
propagable from cuttings, have been introduced 
to the botanical collections of Britain; and up- 
wards of twenty more are known. See the arti- 
cle Nerium. 
TABES. A morbid wasting of live trees, It 
is indicated by sickliness of colour, diminution 
of foliage, and the gradual consuming of the 
branches; and it is caused sometimes by para- 
sitical plants, and sometimes by spontaneous 
bleeding or great loss of sap. When it is caused 
by ivy, it may be arrested by an early and prompt 
eradication and removal of the parasite; when 
by mosses. and lichens, it may be mitigated by 
topical applications of caustic lime water; and 
when by bleeding, it may sometimes but not 
often be arrested by dressing wounds, closing 
apertures, and promoting by every possible means 
the healthiness of the branches and the luxuri- 
ance of the foliage. But all trees ought to be 
protected from choking attacks of parasites by 
timely thinning and pruning, and by the free 
admission of air and light; and full-grown tim- 
ber trees, especially elms, attacked by tabes from 
loss of sap, may most profitably be cut down at 
once, and used for timber, without incurring the 
risk of further progress of the disease. 
TACAMAHACA, See Batsam-Popnar. 
TACCA. A genus of curious-looking, herba- 
| ceous, tropical plants, of the order aroideew. The 
| pinnatifid species, 7. pinnatifida, is a native of 
tt eae 
India and other eastern countries, and was in- 
troduced to British collections in 1793. It has 
a height of about 2 feet. Its root is bulbous; 
and is used as an esculent in China, Cochin- 
China, Banda, India, and some parts of Polynesia. 
It possesses a considerable degree of acrimony, 
and requires to be frequently washed in cold 
water before being dressed. In some places, it 
is eaten in substance with some agreeable acid 
or other condiment to subdue its natural pun- 
gency ; and in others, it is ground into meal, and 
baked into a sort of gelatinous bread, similar to 
that made from salep. Four other bulbous-rooted 
species, chiefly about the same height as the pin- 
natifid, and all carrying brown flowers in July 
and August, have heen introduced from India 
and Mauritius; and all the five species love a 
soil of loamy peat, and are propagated by division 
of the root. 
TACSONIA. A genus of ornamental, exotic 
plants, of the passion-flower family. They are 
nearly allied to the true passion-flowers, yet may 
readily be distinguished from them by the long 
tube of their corolla. See the article Passron- 
Frower. They are well adapted to the conser- 
vative walls of gardens; and may be made to 
produce there a succession of their magnificent 
flowers from July or August till the commence- 
ment of frost.—The softest species, 7’. mollissima, 
is a climbing shrub of considerable height, with 
downy stems and stalks, serrated, trilobate leaves, 
ovate-lanceolate leaf-lobes, and axillary, solitary, 
downily-peduncled flowers,—each flower com- 
prising a long green tube and five calycine and 
five petaline segments, forming together ten 
nearly equal divisions, all of a lively rose colour. 
TADPOLE. The young produced from the 
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