vetch division of the leguminous order. 
‘Species grow wild as weeds in the corn-fields, 
TARCHONANTHUS. 
prime covering for broken horns, and makes an 
excellent application to various kinds of wounds 
and punctures in cattle. Tar in substance is 
sometimes administered internally to horses as a 
remedy for cough. A mixture of equal parts of 
tar and some solid fatty substance is the common 
stopping used by farriers for diseased feet; a 
mixture of equal parts of tar and oil is an ex- 
cellent and extensively-used dressing for hoofs ; 
and a liniment composed of two parts of tar, two 
of cocoa-nut oil, and one of yellow wax, is a good 
dressing for mange and an eflicient detergent in 
most kinds of scabby, eruptive, cutaneous affec- 
tions in the horse, but requires to be rubbed in 
with a piece of hair-cloth or with a rather stiff 
brush. The rectified oil of tar, popularly called 
the spirit of tar, is sometimes used alone for 
mange, though not always with effect; and a 
mixture of it with twice its bulk of fish oil, when 
well-rubbed with a brush every night on both 
crust and sole, is an eminently good application 
for hardness and brittleness in the horse’s feet. 
TARAXACUM. See Danpetton. 
TARCHONANTHUS. A genus of ornamental 
exotic plants, of the chamomile division of the 
composite order. The camphor-scented species, 
or African fleabane, 7’. camphoratus, is a native 
of the Cape of Good Hope, and was introduced 
to British gardens near the end of the 17th 
century. It is an evergreen shrub of from 10 to 
14 feet in height, and sends out many leafy 
branches at the top, and may be trained up toa 
regular head. Its leaves are shaped like those 
of the broad-leaved sallow, and have a downy 
surface like those of sage, and emit an odour like 
those of rosemary when bruised; and its flowers 
are produced in spikes at the extremity of the 
shoots, and have a dull purple colour and an in- 
conspicuous appearance, and bloom from June 
till October. This plant helps to adorn the green- 
house or the conservatory in winter; and it 
loves a soil of peaty loam, and is propagated from 
cuttings. Another and smaller species has been 
introduced ; and several more are known. 
TARE. The common cultivated vetch,— Vicia 
sativa. See the article Vercu. 
TARE,—botanically Zrvwm. A genus of an- 
nual-rooted, herbaceous, climbing plants, of the 
Two 
hedges, and thickets of Britain; eight species, 
all hardy, most about a foot high, and two of 
them subjects of field and garden cultivation, 
have been introduced from other countries; and 
eight more are known. 
The smooth or four-seeded tare, Ervum tetra- 
spermum, is a troublesome British weed, particu- 
latly on rather moist, arable soils. Its root is 
small and tapering; its stem is weak, quadran- 
gular, leafy, and branched all the way up, and 
climbs to the height of from 1% to 3 feet; its 
herbage, particularly that of the flower-stalks 
ae calyx ig beset with fine soft hairs; its 
TARE. 40] 
flowers are small, drooping, and of a pale grey 
colour, and are streaked on the standard and 
tipped on the keel with a deep blue, and gene- 
rally come out in pairs, and bloom in June; and 
its pods are pendulous, oblong, bluntish, and 
smooth, and commonly contain each four seeds. 
The hairy tare, Hirvum hirsutum, is also a 
weed of the arable soils of Britain. It somewhat 
closely resembles the preceding in habit and 
general appearance, but in general is some inches 
taller. Its flowers grow in clusters of five or 
seven, and are very small, and have a very pale 
blue or almost white colour, with two dark spots 
on the keel, and bloom in June and July; and 
its pods are short, and beset with hairs, and of a 
dark brown colour, and contain each two large 
prominent seeds. 
The lentil tare, or common lentil, Hrvum lens, 
is noticed in the article Lunriu. It is generally 
called dill in those parts of England where it has 
been tried as a field plant; and though highly 
esteemed in quality—as green food for suckling 
ewes, as haulm-fodder for all kinds of cattle, || 
and as ground seed in mixture with barley or 
potatoes for fattening pigs—it has been found 
so comparatively poor in quantity that, except 
on land which does not suit vetches, it has ceased 
to be cultivated by even such English farmers as 
have most strongly liked it. Every plant, on 
the average, has a close branching habit of 
growth, and produces from 100 to 150 pods, or 
even a greater number.—The small variety of it | 
is the kind most commonly grown for green food | 
in France. It is rather taller and later than any 
of the other three varieties; its flowers are red- 
dish ; its pods are often two-seeded ; and its seeds 
have each a diameter of little more than one- | 
eighth of an inch.—The large variety is the most 
productive, but is regarded on the Continent as 
inferior to the yellow in quality. Its height is 
from 12 to 15 inches; its flowers are very small 
and whitish, and stand commonly two but some- 
times three on a footstalk ; its pods are flattened, 
about three-fourths of an inch long and one-half 
broad, and generally one-seeded; and its seeds 
are round, compressed, of a whitish or cream 
colour, and each about three-eighths of an inch 
broad and one-eighth thick.—The yellow or com- 
mon variety is the kind most esteemed in Paris. 
It is about as early as the large, and differs from 
it principally in the smaller size and better qual- 
ity of its seeds—The red variety is about as early 
as the large and the yellow. Its flowers have a 
light red colour; and its seeds are reddish-brown, 
and of smaller size than those of the large. 
The one-flowered tare, or one-flowered lentil, 
or jointed vetch, Hrvwm monanthos, was intro- 
duced to Britain about 50 years ago from the 
South of Europe. Its stems are 12 or 15 inches 
high ; its flowers are purple-coloured and bloom 
in June and July; its pods are subinflated, ob- 
long, linear, and generally three or four-seeded ; 
and its seeds are globular, of a dunnish-brown 
