crowfoot, Ranunculus acris,—creeping crowfoot, 
Ranunculus repens,—common. buttercup, Ranun- 
culus bulbosus,—common ragwort, Senecio jacobea, 
—coltsfoot, Tusselago farfara,—daisy, Bellis peren- 
nis,—great white ox-eye, Chrysanthemum leucan- 
themum,—corn or way thistle,—COnicus arvensis,— 
black knapweed, Centaurea nigra— corn sow 
thistle, Sonchus arvensis,—white dead nettle, La- 
mium album,—broad-leaved dock, Rumex obtusi- 
folius,—amphibious persicaria, Polygonum am- 
phibiwm,—great-nettle, Urtica dioica,—marsh 
bent grass, Agrostis alba,—common oat-like grass, 
Arrhenatherum avenaceum,—creeping soft grass, 
Holcus mollis,x—common wheat grass or couch 
grass, Triticum repens,—mugwort, Artemisia vul- 
garis,—silverweed, Potentilla anserina, — bind- 
weed, Convolvulus arvensis,—corn mint, Mentha 
arvensts,—horsetail, Hawisetum arvense,—red eye- 
bright, Bartsia odontites,—dandelion, Taraxacum 
oficinale,—butterbur, Tussilago petasites,—goat- 
weed, Aigopodium podagraria,—furze, Ulex euro- 
peus,—broom, Spartiwm serparvwm,—restharrow, 
Ononis arvensis,—bramble, Rubus fruticosus,— 
the villous briar, /tosa villosa,—the dog rose, Rosa 
canina,—the spiniest briar, Rosa spinosissima,— 
the brake, Pieris aquilina,—milfoil, Achillea mit- 
lefolium,—sneezewort, Achillea ptarmica,—and 
various rushes, sedges, ferns, heaths, and mosses. 
A list of principal weeds, arranged in the 
order of the amount of injury which they do on 
a farm or of trouble which they give to a far- 
mer, would considerably vary in different dis- 
tricts of Britain, in different situations in any 
one district, and in differently managed farms of 
similar or even identical character; but the fol- 
lowing, corrected from a list in Aiton’s Agricul- 
tural Report of Ayrshire, and applicable in a gen- 
eral way to the whole of that great, rich, and 
diversified county, may be taken as a fair aver- 
age specimen :—The corn thistle, Cricus arvensis, 
—the spear plume thistle, Cnicus lanceolatus,— 
the marsh thistle, Crrstwm palustre,—the corn 
sow thistle, Sonchus arvensis,—the annual sow 
thistle, Sonchus oleraceus,—common wheat grass 
or common couch, 7’riticum repens,—marsh bent 
grass, Agrostis alba,—creeping soft grass, Holcus 
mollis,—stoloniferous bent grass,—Agrostis sto- 
lonifera,—tall oat grass, Avena elatior,—resthar- 
row, Ononis arvensis,—sharp-leaved dock, Rw- 
mex acutus,—broad-leaved dock, Rumex obtusifo- 
lius,—curled dock, Rumer crispus,—common field 
sorrel.—Rumex acetosa,—sheep’s sorrel, Rumex 
acetosella,—common ragwort, Senecio jacobea,— 
groundsel, Senecvo vulgaris,—corn marigold, Chiy- 
santhemum segetum,—great white ox-eye, Chry- 
-santhemum leucanthemum,—corn feverfew, Py- 
rethrum inodorum,—mugwort, Artemisia vulgarts, 
—coltsfoot, Tussilago farfara,—butterbur, Tus- 
silago petasites,—sneezewort, Achillea ptarmica, 
—speedwell, Veronica agrestis,—field speedwell, 
Veronica arvensis,—corn spurrey,—Spergula ar- 
vensis,—wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum,— 
black mustard, Sinapis nigra,—charlock or wild 
647 
mustard, Sinapis arvensis,—common chickweed, 
Stellarva media,—silverweed, Potentilla anserina, 
—red dead nettle, Lamium purpureum,—stem- 
clasping henbit, Lamtum amplexicaule,—common 
hemp nettle, Galeopsis tetrahit,—clown’s all-heal, 
Stachys patustris,—corn hedge nettle, Stachys 
arvensis,—horsetail, Hyguisetum arvense,—amphi- 
bious persecaria, Polygonum amphibium,—com- 
mon persicaria, Polygonum persicaria,—water- 
| pepper, Polygonum hydroptper,—climbing buck- 
wheat, Polygonum convolvulus,—common fumi- 
tory, Mumaria officinalis,—field mint, Mentha ar- 
vensis,—petty spurge or devil’s milk, Huphorbia 
pepltus,—sun spurge, Huphorbia helioscopia,— 
goosefoot, Chenopodium album, — corn poppy, 
Papaver rheas,—long-headed poppy, Papaver 
dubium,—creeping crowfoot, Ranunculus repens, 
—upright meadow crowfoot, Ranunculus acris, 
—nipplewort, Lapsana communis, — earthnut, 
Bunium bulbocastanum, — goose grass, Galium 
aparine,— black knapweed, Centaurea nigra,— 
and great nettle, Urtiea diovca. 
The classification of principal weeds into such 
as infest samples of corn, such as cannot be ex- 
tirpated without the aid of fallowing, such as im- 
poverish the soil and encumber crops, such as 
never rise in the crop or come into the sickle, 
and such as infest pasture lands, we shall take 
from Holdich’s Weeds of Agriculture, with sim- 
ply some modernizement of the nomenclature. 
The principal weeds which infest samples of corn, 
are darnel, Lolium temulentum,—smooth brome 
grass, Bronvus secalinus,—corn cockle, Agrostem- 
ma githago,—four-seeded tare, Hrvum tetrasper- 
mum,—common melilot, Melilotus officinale,—wild 
oats, Avena fatua,—goose grass, Galium aparine, 
—shepherd’s needle, Scandix pecten-veneris, — 
climbing buckwheat, Polygonum convolvulus,— 
snakeweed, Polygonum lapathifoliwm,—wild mus- 
tard, Sinapis arvensis,—wild radish, Raphanus 
raphanistrum,—and rape charlock, Brassica na- 
pus. About one half or so of these chiefly infest 
wheat, and the rest chiefly infest oats or barley; 
but they vary much on different kinds of soil, 
and very seldom do more than two of them oc- 
cur in one sample of corn. They abound most 
on light loams and deep loose soils; and some- 
times give little trouble on cold clay soils and on 
the arable lands of fen districts; and often are 
scarcely known or but very slightly troublesome 
on light, dry, well-cultivated turnip soils—The 
chief weeds which cannot be extirpated without 
the aid of fallowing, are common couch grass, 
Triticum repens,—creeping bent, Agrostis repens, 
—creeping soft grass, fToleus mollis,—smooth- 
stalked meadow-grass, Poa pratensis,—resthar- 
row, Ononis arvensis,—corn thistle, Cnicus arven- 
sts,—curled dock, Rumex crispus,—tall oat-like 
soft grass, Holcus avenaceus,—coltsfoot, Tussilago 
farfara,—corn bindweed, Convolvulus arvensis,— 
corn mint, Mentha arvensis,—narrow-leaved sto- 
loniferous bent, Agrostis stolonifera angustifolia, 
—hblack foxtail grass, Alopecurus agrestis,—com- 
