720 W HITLOW-GRASS. 
are spreading and rather tortuous; its leaves are 
petiolate, opposite, oblong-ovate, entire, and some- 
what leathery; and its flowers come out in ra- 
cemes at the terminations of the branches. The 
racemes are disposed opposite to each other, like 
the leaves, and are drooping, and furnished with 
coloured bracteas; the calyx or outer covering 
proceeds from between the bracteas, and is com- 
posed of four segments, funnel-shaped, and of a 
brick-red colour; and within this is situated 
the corolla, projecting about half of its length 
beyond the calyx, a figure between bell-shaped 
and funnel-shaped, and divided into two portions, 
called the upper and the lower lips; and the for- 
mer of these is again separated into two seg- 
ments, and the latter into three. 
- WHITLOW-GRASS. Plants of the draba 
genus, and also the pepperwort draba. See the 
article DraBa. 
WHOLE SCHCGNUS. See Isonupis. 
WHORL GRASS. See Catasrosa. 
WHORTLEBERRY. Fruiting and ornamental 
plants of the vaccinium genus and heath family. 
The name is sometimes given loosely to all the 
vacciniums; but it more properly belongs only 
to the indigenous fruiting species,—the chief two 
of which are noticed in the articles CowBERRY 
and Myrriz Birpurry. See also the article 
VACCINIUM. 
_ The bog whortleberry, bog bleaberry, or great 
bilberry, Vaccinium uliginosum, grows on boggy 
mountains in many parts of Britain, and is par- 
ticularly abundant in the Scottish Highlands. 
It is a deciduous shrub; and has commonly a 
height of about two feet. Its branches are cylin- 
drical ; its leaves are obovate, entire, and smooth ; 
its flowers grow several together, and have a 
flesh or pink colour, and bloom in April and 
May ; and its berries are comparatively large and 
of a bluish black colour, and are less acidulous 
and less wholesome than those of the myrtle bil- 
berry. 
WIDOW-WAIL. See Cyzorum. 
WIGANDIA. A recently discovered genus of 
ornamental exotic plants, of the hydrolea family. 
The Caraccas species, W. caracasana, was intro- 
duced to Britain from Caraccas in 1836; and is 
a small evergreen shrub, carrying lilac-coloured 
flowers, and delighting in a soil of loamy peat. 
WILD BASIL. See Bastn (Witp). 
WILD BEET. See Sraricz and Beer. 
WILD BLITE. See Bure. 
WILD BUGLOSS. See Buenoss (Wit). 
WILD CHAMOMILE. See Marricarra and 
CHAMOMILE. 
WILD CUMIN. See Cumin (Bastarp). 
WILDFIRE. See Erysrpenas. 
WILD LIQUORICE,—botanically Adrus. An 
ornamental, tropical, climbing plant, of the kid- 
ney-bean division of the leguminous order. It 
is a native of the West Indies; and was intro- 
duced to Britain in the latter part of the 17th 
century. It constitutes a genus of itself, and 
dering or labyrinthine walks. 
5 
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eee OoOOOOOOEOESESES EO SESS ESSE 
x ' 
WILLOW. 
bears the specific name of precatoriws. It com- 
monly attains a height of about 12 feet, and car- 
ries pale purple flowers from March till May; 
and it loves a soil of sandy peat, and is propa- 
gated from seeds. 
WILD OAT. See Oar. 
WILD OLIVE. See Oxrive (Wizp) and S8v- 
MACH. 
WILD PURSLANE. See Spures. 
WILD RADISH. See Rapisu and Wupp. 
WILD SERVICE. See Szrviex. 
WILD TAMARIND,—botanically Codarium. 
A small genus of ornamental, tropical, evergreen 
ligneous plants, of the leguminous order. Two 
species, the acute-leaved and the obtuse-leaved, 
the former about 20 feet high, the latter about | 
12 feet high, and both carrying pale red flowers 
in February, have been introduced to British 
gardens from Sierra Leone; and they love a soil 
of loamy peat, and are propagated from cuttings. 
WILD TANSY or Goosr Tansy. See Porrn- 
TILLA. 
WILD THYME. See Tuyme. 
WILD VINE. See Vine. | 
WILDERNESS. A grove traversed by mean- 
It has long been 
a favourite feature of many a pleasure-ground 
and landscape garden. “ Wildernesses,” says 
Millar, “should always be proportioned to the 
extent of the gardens in which they are made; 
for it is very ridiculous to see a large wilderness 
planted with tall trees in a small spot of ground ; 
and, on the other hand, nothing can be more ab- 
surd, than to see little paltry squares, or quarters 
of wilderness work, in a magnificent large gar- 
den. As to the situation of-wildernesses, they. 
should never be placed too near the habitation, 
nor so as to obstruct any distant prospect of the 
country,—there being nothing so agreeable as an 
unconfined prospect ; but where from the situa- 
tion of the place, the sight is confined within the 
limits of the garden, nothing can so agreeably 
terminate the prospect as a beautiful scene of 
the various kinds of trees judiciously planted ; 
and if it is so contrived, that the termination ‘is 
planted circularly, with the concave towards the 
sight, it will have a much better effect, than if 
it end in straight lines or angles. The plants 
should always be adapted to the size of the plan- 
tation; for it is very absurd for tall trees to be 
planted in the small squares of a little garden, 
and in large designs small shrubs will have a 
mean appearance. It should also be observed, 
never to plant evergreens amongst deciduous 
trees; but always to place the evergreens-in a 
wilderness in a separate part by themselves, and 
that chiefly in sight.” See the article Lanp- 
SCAPE GARDENING. 
WILLOW,—botanically Salir. A large genus 
of ligneous plants, of the amentaceous order. 
They belong to the Diecia Diandria of the Lin- 
nean arrangement; and they group among the 
Amentacee with the poplars, and have all more 
