8 R. COLLETT. 
Up to the year 1890, the species had not been discovered beyond 
Japanese waters. In that year the Author received a small collection 
of fishes for examination, collected in 1889 and 1890, off Madeira, by 
the Prince of Monaco. Amongst these (most of which had been 
purchased from fishermen at Funchal) was a specimen of Chlamy- 
doselachus, the smallest hitherto known. This specimen, which, 
however, was not in good condition, the bowels being absent, and 
the entire individual greatly contracted, was of a total length of 610 mm. 
(or 24 English inches), and has been more fully described in Bull. 
Soc. Zool. France 1890, p. 218 (Paris 1890). 
Notwithstanding that Chlamydoselachus, through this latest dis- 
covery, thus proves to frequent the waters of almost similar latitudes 
in the two hemispheres of the globe, there did not appear to be any 
more essential difference between the new Atlantic specimen and 
those from Japan, than that which may be presumed to arise from 
the youth of the individual, and there was no ground for classing 
the new specimen as a distinct species. This result too was not 
unexpected in such a solitary type of Vertebrates. 
This species was not subsequently met with in Atlantic waters, 
until the specimen, which forms the subject of this article was 
discovered astray in that portion of the Arctic Ocean which washes 
the Norwegian coast, thus proving the truth of the remarkable pheno- 
menon which has often been previously observed and mentioned, 
that, unaffected by latitude or parts of the Earth, there exist forms 
of animal life which appear unchanged at great depths in all waters 
where like temperatures exist, whether under the Equator or up 
under the Poles. 
Only this one species of the genus Chlamydoselachus, is thus 
known to exist at the present day. 
In 1876, the teeth of a Chlamydoselachus were found by R. Lawley 
in the pliocene layers in Tuscany. On the basis of these teeth, 
Mr. Davis, in 1887, described the species (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 
1887, p. 542) under the name of Chlamydoselachus lawleyi. This 
has been either identical with Chl. anguineus, or been closely 
related to it. 
