; more. 
| ments and all outgoings, clears all losses, and of 
| course hasallthe profits. There are in this school 
84 
assisted by the principal authorities of the depart- 
ment of Ie et Vilaine to take the direction of it. 
M. Bodin had been a pupil at Grignon, and sub- 
sequently managed a small farm in a similar 
capacity, before he obtained the present one, 
which was in 1837. The rent of the farm is 3,500 
francs (£140), of which the department pays 2,000 
francs, and the director the remainder, with taxes 
and repairs, which amount to about 500 francs 
He also supplies all capital for improve- 
20 pupils, paying £12 a-year each; the depart- 
_ ment in which the school is situated, pays for six, 
_ and the government pays for the remaining four- 
| teen, who are nominated by the prefects of three 
other departments in Brittany. In case of dis- 
| missals for misconduct, the prefects nominate 
other pupils, and they are unwilling to select 
youth from the towns, or any not accustomed 
to field labour; they are generally the sons of 
| well-conducted farmers, and, at the expiration of 
| two years, go to the aid of their parents, or as 
_ hired stewards. 
They are taught by M. Bodin, 
or an assistant, the ordinary subjects suited to 
their employment, and have no charge except for 
books, which they must supply for themselves. 
They rise in winter at four o’clock, and in sum- 
mer at five, and work six hours each day (more 
in busy seasons), having the remainder of the day 
for meals and instruction in schools. They have 
| also ten days holidays in spring, and a month in 
| autumn by sections, as a sufficient number must 
be retained for the farm-work. M. Bodin has a 
factory for implements, and disposes of many of 
them to farmers, even in very distant localities.” 
Three sheep farms, entirely supported by the 
French government, exist at Rombouillet, Per- 
pignan, and La Hayevaux. They are devoted to 
the rearing of the best breeds of sheep, and to 
the conducting of experiments in crossing. The 
principal breeds to which they had attended, up 
to 1840, were the merino, the naz, and the Eng- 
lish long-wool. The number of sheep, in 1839, 
on the Rombouillet farm was 715, on the Per- 
pignan farm 504, and on the La Hayevaux farm 
312. The aggregate flock of the English breed 
amounted to 320; and these were proposed to be 
removed to some place near Calais or in Nor- 
mandy, in order that they might enjoy a climate 
as nearly as possible resembling that of England. 
—Three veterinary schools, wholly supported by 
the French government, exist at Lyons, at Tou- 
louse, and at a place in the vicinity of Paris. 
The course of education in these schools extends 
through four years, and includes not only veter- 
inary surgery, but anatomy, botany, and chem- 
istry. Dissecting rooms exist for the illustration 
of anatomy ; botanic gardens, for the explanation 
of botany ; and an hospital of invalid horses, for 
| the practice of veterinary surgery. The pupils 
undergo searching examination; all who are 
qualified receive diplomas; and some obtain 
AGRICULTURAL SCHOOLS. 
The number of stu- 
dents at the school in the vicinity of Paris, in 
1839, was 280; and each was lodged, hoarded, 
and instructed for £14 a-year.—Three haras or 
studs, wholly supported by the French govern- 
ment, and designed to offer their advantages to 
all the French public, exist at Du Pin, Rozieres, 
government appointments. 
and Pompadour. The hara at Du Pin, in Nor- 
mandy, is the largest of the three, promotes the 
diffusion of the best English breeds of horses, and 
was proposed, four or five years ago, to have at- 
tached to it an establishment for the diffusion of 
the Durham short-horn breed of horned cattle. 
The hara at Rozieres is devoted principally to a 
mixed breed, called the Race ducale, which has 
long been established in the neighbourhood. The 
hara at Pompadour has 40 Arab mares, and a 
great many Arab horses, and is devoted almost 
solely to the Arabian and Persian breeds. In 
1839, the total number of horses in the three 
haras was 1,300,—of thorough-bred stock, 167 
stallions, 98 mares, and 121 colts and fillies — 
of covering stallions for the departments 870,. 
annually serving on the average 30,450 mares. 
—The French government, besides support- 
ing these various institutions, the departmental 
model farms, and the great national model farm 
at Grignon, disseminates agricultural information, 
and promotes agricuitural improvement, by ex- 
periments, by lectures, by district societies, and 
by local associations. 
each society is about £40 a-year, and to each as- 
sociation from £8 to £20, In 1824, the number 
of societies was 17, and of asseciations 41; and, 
in 1839, the number of societies was 154, and of 
associations468. The total annual cost of the pub- 
lic agricultural establishments of France to gov- 
ernment, amounted in 1839 to £119,452. 
Two institutions in other parts of Switzerland 
have been founded on the model of that of M. De 
Fellenberg at Hofwyl,—both connected with con- 
vents,—the one in the canton of Fribourg, and 
the other in the canton of Thurgovie. An insti- 
tution for training persons to become masters of | 
industrial and agricultural schools for poor or- 
phans, framed somewhat on the model of the in- 
stitution of M. De Fellenberg, and conducted by 
a former zealous and faithful assistant of that 
gentleman, was founded by the municipality of 
Constance. An agricultural college, under the 
immediate patronage of the Emperor, has existed 
for some time in Russia; and agricultural schools, 
for combining instruction in the science of agri- 
culture, with training in its practice, are in ope- 
ration at St. Petersburgh and Moscow. An agri- 
cultural institution, belonging to M. Voght, is in 
operation at Flottbeck in Flanders. 
Very many of the ordinary farms of the north 
of Germany may be regarded as, in point of fact, 
a low yet efficient species of agricultural schools. 
Many peasant lads of 16 or 17 years of age bind 
themselves during three years to farmers, to serve 
in the double capacity of pupils and apprentices, 
The government grant to | 
