176 ANEMONE. 
countries; and upwards of twenty other species 
are known to botanists. The species pulsatilla, 
or the pasque flower, grows wild in chalky pas- 
tures in England; the species ranuneulordes and 
Appenina grow wild in the woods of England; 
and the species nemorosa grows wild in the woods 
of both England and Scotland. The species Cap- 
ensis, the only tender one of the introduced spe- 
cies, is from the Cape of Good Hope; and most 
of the other species are from Italy, Portugal, the 
Levant, France, Switzerland, Germany, and Si- 
beria. The species Capensis is an evergreen herb ; 
the species coronaria, hortensis, palmata, sylvestris, 
pavonina, nemorosa, Appenina, ranunculoides, and 
thalictrovdes, are tuberous-rooted plants; and all 
the other introduced species are deciduous herbs. 
No variety of any of the species grows to a height 
of more than 12 inches. The species hortensis 
and coronaria—the former from the Levant and 
the latter from Italy—are well-known, widely 
diffused, and very favourite florists’ flowers; and 
are valued, not only for their brilliant colours, 
but for their great hardiness and for their capa- 
bility of blooming at any season of the year. 
Their principal colours are white, red, blue and 
purple; and these, in some instances, are curi- 
ously intermixed, and form splendid variegations. 
Numerous new varieties have been raised from 
seed; but they are not individually named like 
tulips, hyacinths, dahlias, and pinks. Some dou- 
ble varieties are exquisite; several semi-double 
varieties are quite equal to the double ones; and 
even some of the single varieties are very bril- 
liant. The roots, like those of ginger, are solid 
flattened masses, and are sold by weight, and 
multiplied by division. They love a fresh loam, 
and ought to be covered to the depth of three 
inches; and though they probably succeed best 
when planted in October in the south of England, 
and in February or March in the centre of Scot- 
land, yet they may be planted successionally in 
every month of the year, and will afford an al- 
most constant series of bloom. In unusually se- 
vere frost they require a little protection. The 
species next in beauty to the two very favourite 
species are narcissiflora, dichoterna, Alpina, Vir- 
granada, hepatica, and our four indigenous spe- 
cies. The leaves of Anemone nemorosa often pro- 
duce two interesting species of parasitic fungi, 
Heidium leucospermum and Puccinia anemones ; 
and the leaves of the former also produce an- 
other species, Acidiwm quadrifidum. See Aicr- 
pium. Most of the species of anemone are acri- 
monious and detersive. An infusion of anemone 
is said to remove woman’s obstructions, and to in- 
crease her milk; the bulbous roots, when chewed, 
are said to strengthen the gums and preserve the 
teeth; a decoction of the roots is said to cleanse 
corrosive ulcers, and heal inflammation in the 
eyes; the flowers, boiled in oil, are said to have 
the property of thickening the hair; and anem- 
one ointment is said to be a good eye-salve, and 
an useful application to ulcers and external in- 
ANEMOSCOPE. 
flammations. The name anemone means wind- 
flower, and seems to have been suggested either 
by the extreme downy lightness of the seeds, or 
by exposedness and windiness of the foreign natu- 
ral habitat.—Loudon’s Ency. of Plants —Loudon’s 
Ency. of Gardening.—Mawe’s Gardener’s Calendar 
—Loudon’s Gardener's Magazine—Miller’s Gar- 
dener’s Dictionary.—Johnson’s Farmer's Ency. 
ANEMOSCOPE. An instrument for observing 
the direction of the wind, or the point of the 
compass from which it blows. The common 
anemoscope—an instrument known to the an- 
cients—may be seen on the top of every spire. 
A vane of thin metal is fixed at the top of a ver- 
tical rod, so that the greater part of the vane 
may be on one side of the rod. This rod moves 
upon a pivot, and always points to the quarter 
from which the wind blows. When great accu- 
racy is required, the direction of the wind may 
be indicated, either upon a horizontal, or a ver- 
tical dial-plate. When the dial-plate is required 
to be horizontal, we have only to fix it upon the 
base in which the pivot of the rod moves, and 
place an index upon the rod itself. When the 
dial-plate is vertical, a horizontal bevel-wheel 
must be fixed on the vertical rod, so as to drive 
a vertical wheel, with the same number of teeth, 
fixed upon a horizontal axis, at the extremity of 
which is fastened the index. When the vane 
and the vertical rod perform one complete revo- 
lution, or part of a revolution, the horizontal 
wheel will make the vertical wheel, and conse- 
quently the horizontal axis, with its index, per- 
form the same revolution, or part of a revolution. 
When, from particular circumstances, the dial- 
plate can neither be horizontal nor vertical, but 
forms an oblique angle with the vertical rod, the 
index of the dial-plate may be put in motion by 
Hooke’s Universal Joint. This simple contrivance 
we owe to the ingenuity of Mr. Miller, optician 
in Edinburgh.— The anemoscope of Dr. Wren 
consists of a vane fixed to a vertical rod, on whose 
lower extremity is fastened horizontally a circu- 
lar plate. An arm, moveable by a clock, in the 
direction of the radius of this circular plate, car- 
ries a pencil which, in consequence of its own 
motion, and the motion of the plate by means 
of the vane, describes upon its surface irregular 
lines, from which the changes of the wind may 
be deduced.—The anemoscope of Beaudoux is a 
circular box, with 16 or 32 cavities, answering to 
the points of the compass, fixed at the bottom of 
a vertical rod, moved by a common vane. About 
a foot above this box, the vertical rod carries a 
cross arm, at each of whose extremities is fixed 
a vessel filled with sand. When the vane moves 
this cross arm, the sand will evidently run into 
the cavities, and indicate, by the quantity of sand 
in each compartment, the time during which the 
wind has blown from the corresponding quarter. 
One of the vessels of sand is placed nearer the 
centre of the rod than the other, and throws its 
contents into a set of cavities nearer the centre 
