ENE. 
ANIMALIZATION. 
196 
It has been supposed that certain diseases ori- 
ginate from animalcules. Nay, some authors 
have gone so far as to advance, that every dif- 
ferent disease has animalcules peculiar to itself, 
and that they are actually exhibited by several 
in different stages. It is extremely probable, 
that they harbour in diseased organs, whose par- 
ticular state may promote their origin: and we 
doubt not that numbers may at all times be found 
in neglected ulcers, or in cutaneous disorders ; but 
perhaps they are chiefly of species analogous to 
the Infusoria. Those which Leeuwenhoek found 
| inhabiting the teeth of various people were pos- 
_ sibly of this description : they resisted the appli- 
_ cation of salt, but were destroyed by vinegar. Dr. 
"|, Simon of Berlin discovered an animalcule which 
| inhabits the hair follicles of the human skin; and 
| Mr. Erasmus Wilson has shown that these ani- 
| mals exist in the sebaceous follicles of almost 
| every individual, but are found more especially 
, In those persons who possess a torpid skin, and 
|| that they increase in number during sickness. 
' In living and healthy persons from one to three 
or four of these entozoa are contained in each 
| follicle. 
ANIMALIZATION. The transformation of 
the nutritive parts of food into the living sub- 
stance of the body of an animal. 
ANIMALIZED CARBON. A manufactured 
manure, invented and patented in France, used 
to a considerable extent on the continent, and 
introduced to Scotland in 1834. Mr. Owen of 
Copenhagen, who learned from its patentee how 
to manufacture it, and who established a manu- 
factory of it in Denmark, says, “The chief excel- 
lency of this manure is, that it is powerful in its 
| effects, occupies but little room, is easily separ- 
ated, and conveniently used either by hand or 
drill ; its effects are farther to insure a rich crop, 
by gradually ameliorating the soil, and rendering 
fallowing unnecessary. For wheat, rye, buck- 
wheat, barley, and similar descriptions of corn, 
about 8 cwts. 1 qr. 16 lbs. is used per acre: it 
may be either broad cast or drilled in before har- 
rowing. For flax, hemp, beet, potatoes, &c., 
about 14 cwt. per acre; and 12 cwts. 2 qrs. 10 
lbs. per acre for artificial meadows, different sorts 
of cabbage, rape, culinary plants, and for refresh- 
ing natural meadow land. For plants that are 
set in rows, a handful is put to each plant ; for 
those which are transplanted, a child follows the 
planter, and throws a very small handful of the 
manure into each hole, which is immediately 
covered over with earth; in several places for 
rape, it is scattered out in rows along the roots 
of the plant, which the plough covers by forming 
a new furrow. On meadow land, it must be 
| spread out in December or January, when the 
snow is not on the ground. What characterizes 
this manure most is, that it develops its effects 
so slowly and gradually, that it may be applied 
without danger in contact with the seed or roots 
of plants; in this it differs from a number of 
ANISEED-TREE. ; 
other manures, which are less rich but more 
heating.” Three varieties of animalized black 
appear in a long and valuable list of manures 
analyzed and mutually compared by Messrs. 
Payen and Boussingault,— one prepared for 
eleven months, another from the neighbourhood 
of Paris and recently made, and another made 
at Lyons and called Dutch manure; and the 
first of these contained 1°96 per cent. of azote, 
the second 2°96 per cent., and the third 2.48 per 
cent.; while coal soot, which figures in the same 
list, was found to contain 1°59 per cent., wood | 
soot 1°31 per cent., animal black of the sugar re- 
finers 2:04 per cent., English black 8.02 per cent., 
and average farm-yard manure 1°95 per cent.— 
Quarterly Journal of Agriculture —Boussingault’s 
Rural Economy. 
ANISH,—botanically Pimpinella Anisum. An 
annual plant, of the burnet-saxifrage genus, and 
umbelliferous family. It is a native of Egypt, 
and was introduced to Great Britain in 1551. It 
grows to the height of one foot, carries a white 
flower, and blooms from June till August. Its 
seeds are annually imported in considerable 
quantities from Malta and Spain; and they have 
aromatic and carminative properties, and are 
used in medicine. The plant is sometimes grown 
in English gardens, in order that its leaves may 
be used for garnish or for seasoning; and it was, 
at one time, attempted to be cultivated in Eng- 
lish fields as an agricultural plant, in order that 
its produce might be available for the distiller; 
but it was found to be injured by the slightest 
frosts, and to require a more genial climate or a 
much warmer exposure than almost any English 
farm can boast. The distilled plant, when used 
in blossom, yields a sweeter and more grateful 
tincture than can be obtained from the seeds. 
A good carminative for cattle, is either the seeds 
in a state of fine powder, or a mixture of the 
essential oil with any diluent; yet this carmina- 
tive is far inferior to ginger or caraway. The 
oil is obtained by distillation from the seeds ; and 
though habitually mixed with a great many cat- 
tle medicines, and regarded by the farriers of 
former generations as one of the most potent of 
drugs, it performs scarcely any other office than 
the communicating of an agreeable fragrance.— 
Encyc. of Plants.— Bath Papers.— British Hus- | 
bandry.— Clater’s Cattle Doctor.— Youatt on the 
Horse —Edin. Pharmac. 
ANISEED-TREE, —botanically Zilicitum. A 
small genus of exotic evergreen shrubs, of the 
magnolia tribe. Two species, the red-flowered 
and the yellow-flowered, are cultivated in Great 
Britain, but require to be treated as frame-plants. 
The red-flowered grows to the height of eight 
feet, and the yellow-flowered to the height of six; 
and both bloom in the early part of summer. 
The leaves of the aniseed-tree are very fragrant ; 
and its capsules, when rubbed, have a strong 
smell of anise. The Chinese cultivate it for the 
seasoning of dishes; and the Japanese employ 
