Ie 
AQUARIUM. 
trees, believing the wall will never be filled by 
this management ; but my reason for it is, that 
I would have no part of the wall left unfurnished 
with bearing wood, which must be the case if the 
branches are left to a greater length at first, for 
it seldom happens that more buds than two or 
three shoot for branches, and these are for the 
most part such as are at the extreme part of the 
last year’s wood, so that all the lower part of the 
shoots become naked, nor will they ever after 
produce shoots; and this is the reason we see 
so many trees which have their bearing wood 
situated only in the extreme part of the tree.” 
The shoots, when shortened, ought to be renailed 
in as horizontal a direction as possible. During 
the second summer, the cultivator ought to pro- 
ceed almost as exactly as during the first; but 
let him never shorten any shoots in summer, or 
later in the season than April, except to furnish 
branches for filling vacant places on the wall; 
and let him, at Michaelmas, shorten the vigorous 
shoots to nine or ten inches, and the weaker ones 
to six or seven. The following year’s manage- 
ment ought to be similar; but great care ought 
to be used, year by year, not to hurt or displace 
the spurs or cursons of the preceding year’s 
| growth, to shorten branches at the winter prun- 
ing in such a manner as to throw out fresh wood 
in every part of the tree, and to cut entirely away 
| all luxuriant or supernumerary branches, or ra- 
ther to displace them as soon as they are pro- 
| duced. Bearing branches, in any part of the tree, 
cannot be too strong, provided they are kindly ; 
and supernumerary branches, when permitted to 
grow, effect an useless diminution of the vital 
energies of the plant. “I have often,” says Mil- 
ler, “ seen trees brought to so weak a condition 
as to be able only faintly to blow their blossoms, 
and then most or all of the bearing branches 
have died, which has given occasion to the owner 
to imagine it was the effect of a blight, when, in 
reality, it was only for want of right manage- 
ment. Iam fully persuaded half the blights we 
hear complained of proceed from nothing else 
but this.” In the management of standard apri- 
cot trees, very little pruning is required; yet, 
early in autumn, or at the commencement of the 
genial period of spring, all dead wood, and all 
such branches as cross one another, ought to be 
removed. The apricot is liable to the attacks of 
wasps, large flies, and the same insects and dis- 
eases as the peach; and though it suffers less 
than the peach does, it will derive advantage 
from being sometimes protected with a net. See 
articles Prunus, Prum, and Peacu.— Lindley’s 
Guide to the Orchard.—The Pomological Magazine. 
—Loudon’s Encyc. of Plants—Miller’s Gardener’s 
Dictionary —Marshall on Planting. 
APRIL. See Canenpar. 
AQUARIUM. A series of artificial appliances 
for the garden growth of aquatic plants. It 
usually consists of an artificial pond, with com- 
partments of various depths and adaptations, 
and provision for slow and constant circulation 
of the water; and, in some recent instances, it 
comprises apparatus for heating by means of 
steam-pipes, in order to suit the habits of tropi- 
cal aquatics. 
AQUATIC PLANTS. Plants which grow 
wholly or partially in water. Some grow in the 
sea, some in rivers, some in lakes and ponds, 
some in ditches and fens, and others in marshes 
and meadows; some grow in a state of total im- 
mersion, some float on the surface of water, and 
others merely require a spouty, spongy, or bibu- 
lous soil; some have a configuration peculiarly 
adapted to their watery habitats, some have an | 
organization adapted to amphibious life, or to al- 
ternations of immersion and droughty exposure, 
and others have a figure and constitution exactly 
similar to those of terrestrial plants, and, in some 
instances, are able to adapt themselves to com- 
paratively dry situations. 
The marine aquatics are by far the largest and 
most conspicuous class, and comprise the fuci, 
the ulvee, and many of the conferva. Some of 
the fuci, green as grass, have been brought up 
by the sounding-lead from a depth of upwards of | 
200 feet ; one, Laminaria pyrifera, has been occa- 
sionally found of the enormous length of 850 feet; | 
and several sometimes form floating marine mea- 
dows of great extent, and so dense as to entangle | 
ships and obstruct their sailing. The last of these 
kinds, such as are found floating in masses on 
the surface of deep parts of the ocean, are sup- 
posed to have grown upon rocks at unfathomable 
depths, and to have been eventually swept away 
and sent to the surface by powerful under-cur- 
rents. 
tants of the British coasts under the names of 
sea-weed, sea-wreck, sea-thong, and sea-tangs, | 
affording vast quantities of manure to sea-board 
farmers, and formerly burnt in vast heaps by the 
manufacturers of kelp,—attach themselves to 
stones and rocks on the borders of the sea and 
round the edges of bays and estuaries, and are, 
to a great extent, left uncovered to the air during 
the recess of the tides. From these fuci is ob- 
tained the iodine of the chemist and the phar- | 
maceutist ; and amongst them are the dulse and 
the laver, which many rough epicures of the 
lower classes are fond of eating.—The river aqua- 
tics comprise the chareaceze, some of the ranun- 
culaceze and potomagetons, and many of the con- 
fervoideze ; and among the last are the oscilla-_ 
torie, which grow with singular rapidity, and 
make remarkable movements almost similar to 
those of the lower kinds of animated beings. The 
paludal or fen aquatics are in some instances 
wholly and in others partially immersed: they 
inhabit lakes and marshy or stagnant waters 
with clear or tolerably clear bottoms; and they 
comprise such plants as /soetes lacusiris, Butomus 
umbellatus, and many species and varieties of the 
ranunculus and white water-lily tribes.—The 
palustral and semi-terrestrial aquatics require 
AOUARICORTANTS! | 220 
Other fuci,—well-known to the inhabi- | 
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