a 
| @ warm situation and on dry soil. 
this species, as cultivated in Great Britain, 
ARBUTUS. 
flowered variety, Arbutus rubra, differs from the 
oblong-fruited and the round-fruited, principally 
in its flowers being red, while theirs are white or 
yellowish-white.—The double-flowered variety, 
Arbutus plena, is distinguished by the smallness 
of its stature and the doubleness of its flowers. 
Yet the latter character is very trivially devel- 
oped, and does not challenge attention except 
when the flowers are closely examined.—The 
parent species is best propagated from seeds; and 
all the varieties may be propagated by either 
layers or cuttings. 
The oriental species, Arbutus andrachne, is a 
native of the Levant, and grows so plentifully 
about Magnesia as to be the principal fuel used 
by the inhabitants. Its branches are irregular ; 
its leaves are large, oval, smooth, entire, free 
from serratures, and somewhat resembling those 
| of the bay tree, but not so long; its flowers ap- 
pear in March and April, and are shaped like 
| those of the common arbutus, but grow thinly 
on the branches; and its fruit is oval, and of the 
same colour and consistency as that of the com- 
mon sort. Its trees or shrubs make a finer ap- 
pearance than any variety of Arbutus unedo ; yet 
though quite hardy when old, they are tender 
when young, and require to be reared for three 
or four years in pots, and afterwards planted in 
A plant of 
usually attains a height of not more than six 
feet; but a plant of it in the botanic garden of 
Edinburgh very greatly exceeds that height, and 
is singularly massive in form and novel in ap- 
pearance. This plant was removed from the old 
Botanic garden in 1822, and was accurately mea- 
sured both then and in 1836, and was supposed, 
at the latter date, to be not less than from 30 to 
40 years old. In 1822, its height from the sur- 
face of the ground was 13 feet, and the diameter 
of its branches in one direction 9 feet, and in 
another 163 feet; and, in 1836, its height from 
the surface of the ground was 19 feet, and the 
diameter of its branches in one direction 163 feet, 
and in another 23 feet. Three principal branches, 
diverging from the stem and from one another 
immediately above the surface of the ground, 
bore all the body and head of the plant; and, in 
1836, these measured in girth respectively 3 feet, 
2 feet, and 1 foot 11 inches.—The hybrid species, 
Arbutus andrachnoides or Arbutus hybrida, has 
frequently been mistaken for the oriental species, 
and somewhat closely resembles it in both ap- 
pearance and habit. Certain plants in the Mar- 
quis of Ailsa’s gardens at Culzean, which have 
attained considerable notice as specimens of ori- 
ental arbutus, really belong to the hybrid spe- 
cies. 
The bearberry species, Arbutus uva wurst, is a 
ligneous creeper, and rarely attains a height of 
more than six inches. It grows wild, not only 
on the mountains of Great Britain, but also on 
those of Spain, North America, and the north of 
ARCHANGEL. 237 
Europe. Its branches are numerous and minutely 
ramified; its leaves are thick, smooth, oval, and 
alternate ; its flowers are produced in small 
bunches toward the extremity of the branches; 
and its berries are red in colour, and smaller in 
size than common black cherries. Plants of 
this species naturally grow on boggy ground, in 
very cold situations, exposed during the whole 
of winter to frost and snow; and when intro- 
duced to gardens, they seldom prosper or continue 
except when planted upon cold patches of arti- 
ficially-placed bog. Their bark tans leather, and 
dyes cloth an ash colour; their berries are food 
for grouse and other game; and their leaves, 
when fresh, are inodorous, have a slightly bitter 
astringent taste, and leave upon the palate a | 
sensation of sweetness,—and, when properly dried 
and powdered, they acquire an odour similar to | 
that of hyson tea, and have been used, in medical | 
practice, in cases of nephritic calculus, pulmo- || 
nary disease, ulcerations of the urinary organs, 
menorrhagia, cystirrhoea, and diabetes. — The | 
black-berried and the phyllyrea-leaved species, | 
Arbutus alpina and Arbutus phillyrecefolia, the 
former Scottish and the latter Peruvian, are 
dwarfish undershrubs, seldom attaining a height 
of more than six inches; and both they and 
the bearberry species, assort excellently with | 
the dwarf species of andromeda and rhodo- 
dendron, for what gardeners technically term 
rockwork. — Miller’s Gardener's Dictionary. — 
Smith’s Description of Kerry.— Frasers Guide 
through Ireland. — Loudon’s Gardener's Maga- 
zine—Marshall on Planting.—Thomson’s Dispen- 
satory. | 
ARCHANGEL, botanically Zamium. A genus of 
herbaceous plants, of the labiate family. Three 
species are natives of Great Britain; eight spe- 
cies have been introduced from Italy and the Le- 
vant; and eight other species are known to bot- | 
anists. The balm-leaved species, Lamiwm orvala, | 
a native of Italy, and a perennial, is grown for 
ornament, flowers in May and July, and has a 
height of about twenty inches. The purple spe- 
cies, Lamium purpureum, is an annual weed of 
Great Britain, grows on waste grounds, has a 
height of about a foot, and produces puce-col- 
oured flowers from May till August. The cut- 
leaved kind, Lamzum inciswm, appears to be a 
variety of the purple species, grows on sandy 
fields, and produces pink-coloured flowers from 
May till July. The species popularly called hen- 
bit, Lamiwm amplexicaule, is also an annual weed 
of the sandy fields of Britain, grows to the height 
of 9 inches, and produces pink-coloured flowers 
from March till June. The white species, Lamvum 
album, is a perennial weed of Britain, grows on 
waste grounds, in fields, and at the side of walls 
and hedges, has a height of two feet, and pro- 
duces large white flowers from April till Septem- 
ber. This last species is the most conspicuous, 
and frequently shares with the galeobdolon the 
popular name of dead-nettle. Its leaves some- | 
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