246 
ARROW-GRASS. 
a person abroad upon the public service, payment 
made by the arrestee, after the date of the arrest- 
ment, makes him liable in second payment to the 
arrester. 
Arrestment on a depending action may be 
loosed by the common debtor’s giving seeurity to 
the arrester for his debt, in the event that it shall 
be found due. Arrestment on decrees, or on regis- 
tered obligations, can only be loosed on payment 
or consignment; excepting; 1. Where the term 
of payment is not yet come, or the condition has 
mot yet existed. 2. Where the arrestment has 
proceeded on a registered contract, in which the 
mutual obligations are not liquid. 3. Where the 
decree is suspended, or turned into a libel. 
The competition between arrestments is gov- 
erned by their respective dates, according to the 
priority, even of hours, when it can be ascer- 
tained with any degree of certainty. All arrest- 
ments, however, used within 60 days preceding 
the period of bankruptcy, or within four calendar 
months thereafter, are preferred part passu, as if 
they had been used of the same date. The com- 
petition of arrestments with assignations is also 
regulated by their prierity. If the assignation 
be intimated before arrestment, the assignation 
is preferred ; but ifmot intimated till after, though 
granted before the arrestment, the arrestment is 
preferable. If the intimation and arrestment are 
of equal date, they are preferred pari passu. 
Arrestment is considered merely as a begun 
diligence, and it must be perfected by an action 
of furthcoming. And arrestments are lost by the 
lapse of three years from the date of execution, 
if in execution, or, if in security, of three years 
from the day the debt becomes due, if no step be 
taken to make the arrested effects furthcoming. 
—See Lrskine’s Institutes, b. ii. t. vi—Bell’s Dic- 
tionary of the Law of Scotland, v. ARRESTMENT. 
ARROW-GRASS,—botanically Zriglochin. A 
genus of perennial herbaceous plants, of the alis- 
ma tribe. They derive both their popular and 
their botanical name from having triangular, 
three-celled capsules; and all are aquatics, and 
grow to the height of about a foot. The marsh 
species, Triglochlin palustre, grows indigenously 
| 
| 
| 
| 
in the watery meadows of Great Britain, and pro- 
| duces a green flower in July and August; the 
| sea species, Zriglochlin maritimum, grows indi- 
| genously in the salt marshes of Britain, and pro- 
| duces a green flower from May till August; and 
| both of these species are greedily eaten by cattle, 
| and form both a healthful and a seasonable herbage 
| in the early part of spring. The bulbous-rooted 
species, riglochin bulbosum, is a greenhouse plant, 
| produces a puce flower in October, and was brought 
from the Cape of Good Hope in 1806. 
ARROW-HEAD,—botanically Sagzttaria. A 
genus of perennial aquatic plants, of the alisma 
| tribe. They derive both their popular and their bo- 
tanical name from the arrow-headed form of their 
leaves, Six species grow in Great Britain, pro- 
ducing white flowers, and having a height of from 
ARROW-ROOT. 
i} to 2 feet ; and ten other species are known to 
botanists. The common species, Sagztiaria sagit- 
tifolia, grows indigenously in the rivers and stand- 
ing waters of England, Siberia, Japan, China, and 
Virginia, and is one of the most handsome of our 
native aquatics. Its root consists of a nearly 
globular tuber, with many strong fibres, and 
strikes deep into the mud; the fvotstalks of the 
leaves are round, thick, fungous, and propor-. 
tional in length to the depth of the water, so that 
they are, in some instances, nearly a yard long; 
the leaves float on the water, and are shaped like 
the head of an arrow, the two ears at their base 
being very sharply pointed, and spreading widely 
asunder; and the flowers have each three broad, 
white, spreading petals, and a cluster of stamina 
with purple summits, and are produced upon long 
stalks, which rise. above the leaves, and stand in 
whorls round them at the joints. The root of 
this species is extensively cultivated for food in 
China, but grows to a larger size in that country 
than in Britain —The brittle-leaved species, Sagzt- 
taria rigida, is hardy, and was introduced from 
North America in 1806. The other four species 
grown in Britain are tender plants, and natives 
of China, Carolina, and the West Indies. 
ARROW-ROOT. A kind of starch manufac- 
tured from the roots of a plant, the Maranta arun- 
dinacea, which is cultivated in the West Indies. 
It is about two feet in height ; has broad, pointed, 
and somewhat hairy leaves; bears small, white 
flowers in clusters, and globular fruit of the size 
of currants. The starch or powder of the arrow- 
root is obtained by the following process :—The 
roots are dug when a year old, and well washed, 
and beaten in deep wooden mortars till they are | 
reduced toa milky pulp. Thisiswellwashedagain | 
in clear water, and the fibrous parts, which are 
found among it, are carefully separated, and 
thrown away. It is next passed through a sieve 
or coarse cloth, and suffered to stand for some 
time, till the starch has settled to the bottom. | 
The water is then drawn off, and the white resi- 
due is again washed; after which the water is 
entirely drained off, and the pulp, when dried in 
the sun, is found to be an extremely pure starch, | 
which, when reduced 40 powder, is the arrow-root 
of commerce. 
Benzon’s analysis ef the root gives: 
Volatile oil, A z i 
Stareh, e i : 
Albumen, j i 
Gummy extract, c ‘e 
Chloride of calcium, 
Insoluble fibre, ° 
Water, P s 
100:00 
There is no vegetable, if we except, perhaps, 
the salep or orchis root, which yields so large a 
proportion of nutritious mucilage as this. As an 
article of diet for children and invalids, it is in- 
valuable, more especially in all forms of bowel 
complaints. Owing to the great demand for 1t, | 
