300 BARLEY. 
on Agriculture.—Du Hamel’s Husbandry.— Mu- 
seum Rusticum.—Muller’s Gardener's Dictionary. 
—Loudon’s Encyclopedia of Agriculture—Rham’s 
Dictionary of the Farm.—sStephen’s Book of the 
Farm.—Lou’s Elements of Agriculture Young’s 
Farmer's Kalendar.—Sir John Sinclair's Code of 
| Agriculture—Sir John Sinclair's General Report 
of Scotland —Dickson’s Husbandry of the Ancients. 
— Lawson's Agriculturist’s. Manual. — Loudon’s 
Hortus Britannicus—Withering’s Botany.—Oata- 
logue of the Highland Society's Museum— Annales 
de Chimie et de Physique—Lvebig’s Chemistry of 
| Agriculture—Turner’s Elements of Chenustry.— 
Brown on Rural Affairs. 
BARLEY (POT AND PEARL). The grains 
| of barley, in a prepared state for use as human 
food. Pot barley was formerly called decorti- 
| cated barley, and is simply the grain deprived 
_ of its husk or skin; and pearl barley is the fine 
| round portion of the grain which remains after 
_ the outer portion is ground off. The two kinds 
_ differ only in the degree of reduction by grind- 
| ing; and both are prepared in the barley-mill. 
| See the article Bartey-Mrit. 
BARLEY - CHOPPERS. Small hummeling 
| instruments, wielded by the hand. See Hum- 
| MELER. 
BARLEY-GRASSHS. See Barury. 
BARLEY-HUMMELER. See Hummeter. 
BARLEY-MILL. A machine for taking the 
husks from barley. A barley-mill of the most im- 
proved construction is represented in J/g. 1. of 
Plate VII. The water wheel A is eighteen feet six 
inches diameter, and carries fifty buckets, each 
of which is three feet three inches wide. On the 
water shaft B, that carries the water wheel, is 
fixed the spur wheel C, which is eighteen feet 
diameter, reckoning from the pitch stroke, and 
has 340 teeth. The spur wheel C impels the 
pinion D, of thirty-two teeth, and one foot 84 
inches diameter, fixed upon one extremity of 
the shaft H, while the other extremity carries the 
wheel F, of 150 cogs and seven feet 11:45 inches 
diameter, to the pitch stroke. The wheel F 
drives the pinion G, fixed on the stone spindle H, 
and having a diameter of four feet six inches. 
The spindle H carries the millstone I, which is 
| four feet six inchesin diameter, and one foot five 
inches thick, and which performs 280 revolutions 
in a minute. The wheel K, of fifty teeth and 
two feet diameter, impels the wheel L of the 
same number of teeth and diameter, which is 
fixed upon the spindle R. On the spindle R is a 
conical place, upon which the pinion M, of twenty- 
five teeth and one foot diameter, is fixed by 
means of a brass bush fitted into the centre of 
the pinion, and then bored exactly to fit the cone 
in the spindle R. Below the base of the cone is 
a brass ring 3, to keep the pinion M firm upon 
the cone, by means of four screw-bolts, which 
bring the pinion firmer to the base of the cone. 
On the other side of the pinion are two projec- 
tions 1, 1, commonly called snugs, which take 
BARN. 
into similar projections on the end of the catch 
2,5. This catch slides along the spindle R, by 
moving the lever N, but goes round with the 
spindle by means of two tongues fixed on the 
opposite sides of the spindle, one of which is 
partly visible at 4 in the figure. Two grooves are 
cut on the inside of the catch, to admit the 
tongues, in order to carry the catch round with > 
the spindle. The wheel NO, having 102 teeth, 
and a diameter of four feet 1} inch to the pitch | 
stroke, is screwed to the sides of the hoops or 
cases that enclose the stone. These hoops, a sec- 
tion of which is represented by a, 6, c,d, are made 
in two parts, and screwed together by four bolts, | 
6, 6, 6, 6. They are lined with milled iron, 
pierced into small holes, in order to permit | 
the escape of the dust, and prevent the bar- | 
ley from being carried along by means of the 
millstone. When the hoops are turned round 
by the wheels already described, they are sup- 
ported and kept clear of the stone by the collars 
hand?z. The collar # is larger than 2, in order 
to give room to the spout PT to fill the hoops 
with barley. This is effected by a thin plate of 
iron /, about an inch larger in diameter than the | 
inside of the collar, which is kept close to the 
side of the collar next the stone by the staple / 
on each side of the stone spindle. The other end 
of it is kept fast by the cover of the pillow block | 
m. .In the plate &, a hole is cut for the end 
of the spout PT. When the barley is made, 
the hoops are stopped by putting the lever N 
towards f: a small sluice which is upon the side 
of the hoops, as at a, 6, is then opened, and the 
made barley is allowed to run off into the trough 
Q. When the hoopsare thus emptied, the sluice 
is shut, and the lever N is brought tog. By this 
means the wheel M engages with the spindle R, 
by the catch 2, 5, and the sluice X being opened, 
the hoops are filled with fresh barley. 
BARLEY-RIDDLE. See Ripp1e. 
BARM. See Yuasr. 
BARN. A building devoted to the storing and 
thrashing of the cereal grasses. In every country 
where corn cannot be thrashed on the harvest- 
field, and immediately transferred to the granary, 
it must be stored under protection from the 
weather, and afterwards thrashed within a roof- 
ed building. The barns of Great Britain were 
formerly of so large capacity as to contain all the 
produce of farms, whether grain or fodder; and 
even so late as about 30 or 40 years ago, such 
enormous barns were regarded by many farmers 
as essential to their prosperity. Dr. Hunter, who 
published six volumes of Georgical Essays in 1804, 
occupies an entire essay with the refutation of 
the reasons which were usually urged by these 
farmers,—that corn can be built at less expense in 
the house than in the rick-yard, that it is better 
protected in the former than in the latter, and 
that the storing of it in the house is much more 
convenient for thrashing. But modern improve- 
ments in rick-building, in thrashing, and in the ~ 
