366 
BARRENWORT. 
in large tufts, on very coarse ground, not only in 
low situations, but on mountains to the elevation 
of 1,500 feet above sea-level; wavy mountain hair- 
grass, Avra flexuosa, on heathy and alpine ground, 
to the elevation of 3,500 feet above sea-level; 
crested hair grass, Azra cristata, on rocky grounds 
and dry pastures, to the elevation of 1,500 feet 
above sea-level; slender foxtail grass, or black 
bent, Alopecurus agrostis, on badly cultivated or ill- 
cleaned arable land; floating foxtail grass, AJo- 
pecurus geniculatus, in pools and on wet clayey 
grounds, to the elevation of 1,500 feet above sea- 
| level; dodder, doddering toms, or common quak- 
ing grass, Briza media, on poor soils, to the ele- 
vation of 1,500 feet above sea-level; drank or 
barren brome grass, Bromus sterilis, on dry sandy 
soil and on shady ground. to the elevation of 
600 feet above sea-level; soft brome grass, Bromus 
mollis, on poor, exhausted pasture ground, to the 
elevation of 1,000 feet above sea-level; sheep’s 
fescue grass, Mestuca ovina, on downs and wolds, 
and on dry, sandy, alpine pastures, to the eleva- 
tion of 4,000 feet above sea-level; viviparous fes- 
cue grass, Festuca vivipara, on elevated, light, 
sandy soils; purple fescue, Festuca rubra, on sandy 
grounds, particularly near the sea ; wood or 
thicket fescue, Festuca dumetorum, in damp woods 
and soft, shady places, to the elevation of 1,000 
feet above sea-level; wall fescue, or tailed mouse- 
tail, Festuca myurus or Mygalurus myurus, in dry, 
barren places; smooth fescue, Mestuca glabra, on 
moist pastures; wall barley, Hordeum murinum, 
on dry, light soils, to the elevation of 500 feet 
above sea-level; woolly soft grass, Holcus lanatus, 
on shady banks, in woods, and on moist peaty 
pastures, to the elevation of 1,500 feet above sea- 
level; creeping soft grass, Holeus mollis, on light 
sandy soil, to the elevation of 1,500 feet above 
sea-level; wild sainfoin, Hedysarum onobrychis, on 
dry, barren, chalky pastures; purple melic grass, 
Melica cerulea, on moors, peat bogs, and damp 
heathy places, to the elevation of 1,500 feet above 
sea-level; upright mat grass, Vardus stricta, on 
dry moors and alpine heathy grounds, to the ele- 
vation of 4,000 feet above sea-level; lesser mea- 
| dow catstail grass, Phleum pratense minus, on 
very stiff, clayey land; alpine meadow grass, 
Poa alpina, on lofty mountains, to the elevation 
of 4,000 feet above sea-level; and flat-stalked 
meadow grass, Poa compressa, on mountains, to 
the elevation of 3,000 feet above sea-level. 
BARRENWORT,—botanically Hpimedium. A 
small genus of ornamental plants of the barberry 
tribe. The alpine species, Hpimedium alpinum, 
is a creeping deciduous perennial, and grows 
wild in mountainous thickets of Great Britain,— 
particularly in Yorkshire, in Cumberland, and in 
the vicinity of Edinburgh and Glasgow. Its root 
is creeping; many stems rise from one root, and 
attain a height of about 9 inches; each stem 
divides at the top into three branches, and each 
branch into three sub-branches; a leaf stands 
upon each sub-branch, stiff, heart-shaped, ending 
BAR-SHOE. 
in a point, pale green above and grey below; a 
floral footstalk comes out a little below the first 
division of the stem, and divides into smaller foot- 
stalks ; and a flower is produced from each of the | 
smaller footstalks, and has four cruciform petals, 
of a dark red colour in their body, with yellow 
stripes on their border. The flowers have a 
clustered, drooping, and very handsome appear- 
ance; their nectaries are peculiar in form, and 
very rich in honey ; and their incipient seed-vessel 
becomes a slender pod, containing many oblong 
seeds. The plant blooms in April and May; and 
if kept in the shade, may be made to flourish till 
August. One curious species, the six-stamened, 
was recently introduced from North America ; 
and three somewhat handsome species were in- 
troduced a few years ago from Japan. 
BARROW. An implement of land carriage. 
Yet the name is so very loosely and extensively 
applied as to designate any one of numerous im- 
plements of carriage, two-wheeled, one-wheeled, 
and wheelless. A two-wheeled barrow for ordi- 
nary out-of-door carriage is shaped nearly like a 
miniature cart, with the addition of two support- 
ing feet; and, when about a yard in diameter, is 
extremely convenient for the carriage of small 
loads either in cities or upon farms. A common 
one-wheeled box barrow may be of various shapes 
and sizes, and either light or heavy; and is an | 
indispensable implement on the mimic establish- 
ment of a cottage-farm, and a very useful imple- 
ment in much of the home carriage of a large 
farmery. A light-sparred open one-wheeled bar- 
row is the most economical and convenient im- 
plement for conveying the corn of a rick from the 
rick-yard up the gangway into the threshing- 
barn. The two-wheeled load-barrow, with small, 
low-wheels, fixed with their axle near the lower 
and scooped extremity of the machine, is emi- 
nently servicable for moving full sacks of grain 
in the corn-barn, in the granary, or in flour- 
mills. A box hand-barrow, carried between two 
men, is sometimes necessary for carrying earth or | 
manure on wet land; and an open hand-barrow 
is used, on very many farmeries, for conveying 
farm-yard manure from the cattle-houses to the 
dung-heap. 
BARROW. A tumulus or huge mound of 
earth, raised, in ancient times, over the body of | 
a warrior. Many ancient barrows still exist on 
the plains of Wiltshire, on the hills of Surrey, 
Sussex, and other English counties, and among 
the valleys, glens, and mountains of Scotland. 
BARS. The portions of the hoof-sole of horses, 
which are reflected inwards, and which form 
arches between the frog and the quarters. The 
bars of the mouth are the fleshy rows which run 
across the mouths of horses, and reach almost to 
the palate. The bars of the mouth are very dis- 
tinguishable in young horses. 
BAR-SHOE. A horse-shoe of particular con- 
struction, adapted to a tender foct, and designed 
to protect a sore or weak point from pressure, by 
