| garden beans. 
| seeds. 
382 
and frequently cultivated in the time of Miller ; 
and was viewed as a good bearer, and treated for 
succession between the latest of the Mazagans 
and the earliest of the late broad white beans. 
The green Windsor bean closely resembles the 
white Windsor in size, form, and habit. But its 
seeds are of a green colour when ripe, and may 
therefore be used at table in a more advanced 
state of maturity than those of the white Wind- 
sor. It is very nearly contemporaneous with the 
white Windsor, or at least does not lag behind 
more than a few days.—The red or scarlet Wind- 
sor, also called the dark red bean, is a prolific 
| late bean, of good quality; but is disliked by 
many persons on account of the colour of its 
Its stem grows to the height of four feet; 
its pod is narrower than that of the white Wind- 
| sor, yet contains the same number of seeds; and 
| its seed is similar in shape and size to that of the 
| white Windsor, but is of a darker colour when 
| young, and changes to a bright scarlet when of 
| full size, and to a deep red when quite ripe. 
The cluster or dwarf fan bean is a long known, 
| an esteemed, and a prolific plant, and ranks as 
both the earliest and the most dwarfish of all the 
Its stem grows to the height of 
two and a-half feet; its pod is short and nearly 
cylindrical, and contains three or four seeds; and 
| its seed is larger and rather more flattened than 
that of the common Mazagan.—The Dutch long 
podded bean is very prolific, rather late, and not 
very well known. Its stem grows to the height 
of four or five feet; its pod is long, broad, and 
slightly pendulous, and contains five or six seeds; 
and its seed is about the size of that of the white 
Windsor bean, but more elongated.—The green 
long pod, also called the green nonpareil, and 
the green Genoa, is a prolific plant, and of good 
quality. It differs from the common long pod 
| in being of much later habit, and in its seeds be- 
ing green when ripe. 
The Toker bean is very prolific, and of medium 
habit between early and late; it was well known 
and much cultivated in the time of Miller; but 
it is now considered rather coarse, and is there- 
fore less in favour than the white Windsor. Its 
stem grows to the height of five feet; its pod is 
long and very broad, and contains three or four 
seeds ; and its seed is of a whitish colour, and an 
elongated oval shape.—Johnson’s wonderful bean 
has been quite recently introduced, and appears 
to be very good and prolific. Its pod is long, and 
contains six or eight seeds ; and its seed resem- 
bles that of the white Windsor in both size and 
shape-—The white blossomed bean, called also 
the white blossomed long pod, has the whitest 
flowers and the blackest seeds of all the known 
varieties of beans. Its stem grows to the height 
of nearly four feet; its flower is pure white, and 
has not any dark spot on the wings; its pod is 
long, nearly cylindrical, and slightly pendulous, 
and contains four or five seeds; and its seed is 
about three-quarters of an inch in length, and 
BEAN. 
half an inch in breadth, rather thick or plump, 
and of a black colour, mixed with dark brown. 
It is at a glance distinguishable from every other 
variety by the colour of its flower. It is toler- 
ably prolific, of medium habit between early and 
late, and is free in a great degree from the pecu- 
liar harsh flavour which characterizes every other 
variety of bean; yet its seeds, when approaching 
maturity, are disliked by many persons on ac- 
count of their extremely dark colour. This va- 
riety is very liable to degenerate; and must not 
be judged, or propagated, from deteriorated 
seeds. 
The violette bean is a rather early variety, and 
arrives at maturity about the same time as the 
common long pod. Its stem grows to the height 
of about four and a half feet ; its pod is long and 
broad, and contains three or four seeds; and its 
seed has a size and shape intermediate between 
that of the long pod and that of the white Wind- | 
sor, and is of a very light purple colour when 
young, and of a dark red colour when quite ripe. 
—The red or scarlet blossomed bean is most 
beautiful in flower, and very prolific in seed; yet 
is disliked by the fastidious on account of its 
colour. Its stem grows to the height of four 
feet; its flower varies in colour from a pale red 
to a reddish-tinted black, but is generally a bright 
red approaching to scarlet; its pod is middle- 
sized, and contains four or five seeds; and its 
seed has a darkish rusty brown colour, and re- 
sembles that of the long pod in shape, but is 
somewhat longer.—A black-blossomed bean men- 
tioned by Miller seems either to be lost or to 
have become mixed and identified with the reda- 
blossomed. 
Farmers ought to be guided in the choice of 
varieties of the field bean, by reference to the || 
peculiar circumstances of cultivation, and espe- 
cially to the particular nature of the soil. Some 
varieties, as we have seen, are suitable only for 
heavy soils, and others are adapted in various 
degrees to lighter soils; and any variety ought 
to be selected in preference to others, not from 
blind regard to the fashion of a district, but from 
an intelligent recognition of its fitness for the 
conditions of its intended cultivation. The pre- 
vailing and almost invariable use of the Scotch 
bean in Scotland, is altogether unworthy of the | 
enlightened husbandry of the Scottish lowlands ; 
and the general use of the tick bean in England, 
to the prejudiced exclusion of the Scotch bean 
from at least stiff soils, is grossly inconsistent 
with the liberality and enterprise of the best 
English farming districts. Arthur Young, even 
in reference to the light-soil counties for which 
the tick bean is most suitable, said, “ The com- 
mon little horse bean has the advantage of all 
others, in being more generally marketable; for 
in certain situations, it is not always easy to dis- 
pose of ticks, Windsors, long-pods, and various 
other sorts. They also grow higher, shade the 
ground in summer more from the sun, and yield 
