494 
words alphabetically arranged in a dictionary, where 
those which stand next each other have, it may be, 
nothing in common beyond the initial letter. ‘The 
classes and orders are entirely founded upon the num- 
ber, situation, and connexion of the stamens and pis- 
tils; the office and importance of which Linnzus had 
just established. 
The classes, twenty-four in number, are founded 
upon modifications of the stamens, and have names 
of Greek derivation expressive of their character. 
The first eleven comprises all plants with perfect 
flowers, and a definite number of equal and uncon- 
nected stamens: they are distinguished by the abso- 
lute number of these organs, and are designated by 
names compounded of Greek numerals and the word 
andria, which is used metaphorically for stamen; as 
| follows :— 
| Class 1. Monanprta, includes all such plants with 
one stamen to the flower. 
2. Dianpria, those with two stamens. 
3. TRIANDRIA, With three stamens. 
4, TETRANDRIA, with four stamens. | 
5. PENTANDRIA, with five stamens. 
6. HEXANDRIA, with six stamens. 
of 
8 
9 
0 
] 
. HEPTANDRIA, with seven stamens. 
. OCTANDRIA, with eight stamens. 
. ENNEANDRIA, with nine stamens. 
. DEcANDRIA, with ten stamens. 
. DoDECANDRIA, With twelve to nineteen 
stamens. 
The two succeeding classes include plants with 
perfect flowers, having twenty or more unconnected 
stamens, which i in 
12. IcosanpDRIA, are inserted on the calyx; 
(perigynous) ; and in 
13. PoLtyanpria, on the receptacle (hypogy- 
nous). 
Their essential characters are not designated by 
their names; the former. merely denoting that the 
stamens are twenty in number; the latter that they 
are numerous. 
The two following depend upon the relative length 
of the stamens, viz., 
14. DipyNamta, including those with two long 
and two short stamens; and 
15. TETRADYNAMIA, those with four long and 
two short stamens. 
Their names are Greek derivatives, signifying in 
the former that two stamens, and in the latter that 
four stamens are most powerful. 
* The character of the classes may be presented 
BOTANY. 
The four succeeding are founded on the connexion 
of the stamens: 
16. MonaDELPHIA (meaning a single frater- 
nity), with the filaments united into a 
single set, tube, or column. 
DIADELPHIA (two fraternities), with the 
filaments united in two sets or parcels. 
PoLYDELPuHIA (many fraternities), with the 
filaments united in more than two sets or 
parcels. 
SynGENESIA (from Greek words signifying 
to grow together), with the anthers unit- 
ed into a ring or tube. 
The next class, as its name denotes, is founded on 
the union of the stamens to the style: 
20. GYNANDRIA, with the stamens and styles 
consolidated. 
In the three following, the stamens and pistils are 
separated: thus, 
21. Monacta (one household), includes plants 
where the stamens and pistils are in sep- 
arate flowers on the same individual. 
22. Diacra (two households), where they oc- 
cupy separate flowers on different indi- 
viduals, 
23. Potycamta, where the stamens and pistils 
are separate in some flowers and united 
in others, either on the same or two or 
three different plants. 
The remaining class, 
24. CRYPTOGAMIA, is said to have concealed 
stamens and pistils (as the name imports), 
includes what are commonly termed 
Flowerless plants.* 
The orders, in the first thirteen classes of the Lin- 
nean artificial system, depend on the number of 
styles, or of the stigmas when the styles are want- 
ing; and are named by Greek numerals prefixed to 
the word gynia, used metaphorically for pistil, as 
follows :— 
Order 1. Monoeynta, embraces all plants of any 
of the first 13 classes with one style to 
each flower. 
DieyntA, embraces those with two styles. 
TriIGyNIA, those with three styles. 
TETRAGYNIA, those with four styles. 
PENTAGYNIA, those with five styles. 
. Hexagynta, those with six styles. 
Hepracyntia, those with seven styles. 
. Octoeynia, those with eight styles, 
17. 
18. 
19. 
DUD OV G9 9 
at a single view, as in the subjoined analysis: 
} 
| “stamens. 1. MoNANDRIA. 
0 2 2. DIANDRIA. 
3. 3, TRIANDRIA. 
4 . 4, TETRANDRIA. 
5. 5, PENTANDRIA. 
6 . - 6. HEXANDRIA. 
aves 6 7, HEPTANDRIA. 
| of equal 8 8. OCTANDRIA, 
| length. GiO2s Cty eiore eee y 9, ENNEANDRIA. 
| 10 Ne eee OS DECANDRTA: 
11-19 , 11, DoDECANDRIA. 
| ee ae 20 or more, adherent to 
| ‘t wan the calyx, . 12, IcosaNDRIA. 
AIH 1" 20 or more, not adherent ; 
if the an rt to the calyx, 13, PoLYANDRIA. 
|} stamens 
| | | separate | ot unequal (2 long and 2 short stamens, 14, DIDYNAMIA. 
from the length: {4 long and 2 short stamens, 15, TETRADYNAMIA. 
both founa | Pistils 
. rs oun ( by their filaments in a single set, 16. MoNADELPHIA. 
an i Cee (oy their filaments in 2 sets, 5 . 17, DIADELPHIA. 
ower, (connected with each other By their filaments in more than 2 
| sets, . : . 18. PoLYADELPHIA. 
stamens by their anthers, 19. SYNGENESIA. 
tp | and 
| 5 | Maniscst, (the stamens adherent to the pistil, . 20. GYNANDRIA. 
a in the same individuals, és . 21. Monecta. 
2 * in different individuals, 22, Diacia. 
| ke separate flowers, 5 ; . ; some of the flowers perfect, others 
3 separated, in the same, or two 
| Oy or three different indiy iduals, 23. POLYGAMIA. 
| | (the stamens and pistils concealed, or none, 9 . : 0 9 9 24, CRYPTOGAMIA, 
| 
| 
