d13° 
during the last eighty years: .“ The. bones being 
taken out of the flitches, the flesh is sprinkled 
with salt, and laid in a tray,-that the blood may 
drain off; after which, it. is salted.a little, and 
rolled up as hard.as possible. The length of the 
collar of brawn should be as much as one side of 
the bone will bear; so that, when rolled up, it 
may be nine or ten inches in diameter. The 
collay:being thus rolled up, itis boiled in a cop-. 
per or large kettle, till it is so tender that you 
may run a straw through it; when it is set by 
till thoroughly cold,.and then put into the fol- 
lowing pickle :—to every gallon of water add two 
handfuls of salt, and as. much wheat-bran; boil 
them together, drain the liquor as clear as pos- 
sible from the bran, and, when the liquor is quite 
cold, put the brawn into it.” A good collar is 
about-30 lbs. in.weight, Oxford has the highest 
| reputation for the making of brawn; but Canter- 
bury manufactures the greatest quantity. Droves 
of boars come to the latter city about the middle 
of October, and are immediately placed aside to 
fatten, some singly, and others in groups of three 
and four. 
BRAXY. A, virulent inflammatory disease in 
sheep., It particularly attacks young sheep, has 
usually a very. fierce character, and, in many 
districts, especially mountainous ones, occasions 
more loss than all the other diseases to which 
sheep are subject. It is the chief pest of the 
sheep farms of Scotland; and is there very com- 
monly designated, as if par excellence, the sickness. 
Hogg, the well-known Httrick Shepherd, distin- 
guishes four varieties of it,—the bowel sickness, 
the sickness in the flesh and blood, the dry braxy, 
and the water braxy ; and many of the old Scottish 
shepherds distinguish five varieties of it,—reed- 
sickness, small-cuts sickness, blood sickness, flesh 
sickness, and liver sickness,—and, when the body 
ofa. sheep which has just died of it, is opened, 
they affect to be able to determine, almost at-a 
_ glance, which ofthe five varieties has. occasioned 
the death. The variety which. Hogg calls the 
water braxy seems to be the chief one known in 
the centre and south of England, and is there 
usually designated red-water. See the article 
RED-WATER. 
All the varieties of braxy are inflammations, 
which spread with fearful rapidity and power, 
attack most of the contents of the abdomen, and 
speedily induce mortification. The abomasum, 
the intestines, the liver, the lungs, the diaphragm, 
the heart, the bladder, and nearly all the other 
parts of the interior system, are sometimes most. 
visibly affected, or even converted into one pu- 
trescent and most stenchy mass of rapidly decom- 
posing organism. some of the leading parts may 
frequently be observed to be more or less affected 
before the animal dies; and any of several of them 
may exhibit post mortem decomposition more 
than others, or even to the exclusion of the others, 
m consequence of modifying circumstances in 
He disease’s progress, and even of the posture in 
—$————e 
which the animal dies. If a sheep suffer from a,, 
mild form of the disease, or in circumstances. 
which exert a check rather than a stimulus, upon.. 
inflammatory action, the abomasum alone will. 
be found affected; if he suffer either standing,. 
or in any other position which keeps the liver in, 
close contact with the abomasum, the liver will. 
be found putrid ; if he die with his head down- . 
hill, the cavity of the heart.and lungs will be full. 
of serum, and the fieshy parts in the neighbour-. 
hood of these organs will be gorged with extra-. 
vasated blood, while the intestines will be pretty . 
free from inflammation; and if he die with his. 
head up-hill, and lie in the same position for an, 
hour or two before dissection, the heart. and the. 
lungs will be uninflamed, the cavity within the. 
diaphragm free of serum, and all the forequarters . 
comparatively sound, while the intestines will be. 
surcharged with serum, and the fleshy parts of. 
the flanks and head-quarters putrid with inflam- 
mation. 
These are the diversities of, both: appearance 
and cause which have given rise to the popular. 
belief that. braxy is of various kinds; and they. 
are such as might almost indicate to a perspica- 
cious mind that both the original seat and the. 
nosological character of. the disease are in all. 
cases the same. “ The various appearances ob- 
servable upon opening the dead animal,” remarks | 
Mr. Hogg of Atterstane, “ have led to different 
definitions of the disorder,—have occasioned dif-. 
ferent parts of the bowels to be assigned as the. 
place of its commencement, and sometimes dif- 
ferent theories to be brought forward as to its. 
cause. The rapid or tardy progress of the disor- 
der, however,—the position in which the animal 
has been lying previous to or at its death,—the 
length of time between its dying and its being 
opened,—all these, in a carcass rapidly mortify-. 
ing, with several other considerations which. 
might be adduced, do readily, in different cases, 
and even in the same case, in a short time, and. 
in no small degree, vary the appearance of the, 
infected organs. The writer has dissected sev- 
eral hundreds that have died of sickness,—has. 
opened them. in all stages; and in the whole. 
course of this his experience, there has not been. 
above one case in a hundred where it was not 
evident that.the reed was, or had been, the first. 
and principal: part affected.” In a few cases, a 
carcass, on being promptly opened, discloses vio- 
lent inflammation nowhere but in the abomasum; 
in very many, inflammation can be seen only in 
the abomasum, and the blood, with evident ap- 
pearance that it began, in the abomasum; and 
only in a very few cases of tremendous virulence. 
and all-pervading putrefaction, when the very 
skin is decomposing, and serum, is welling out. 
upon the ground, or when the carcass is so 
dreadfully. decomposed and so horribly offen- 
Sive as to render attempts at dissection or ex- 
amination impossible,— only in such extreme 
cases would a careful observer have any diffi-. 
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