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a horse appears to be in its first stages, he may 
be moderately bled, and receive a laxative ball ; 
and at all subsequent periods he should be re- 
gularly exercised, carefully fed, and sedulously 
protected from costiveness, and especially from 
violent exertion. He ought to receive water 
only in small quantities, yet so often as five or 
six times a-day; he must never feed on such 
light and distensive matter as chaff or straw; he 
may receive sparing quantities of corn and bran; 
he may eat somewhat freely any kind of succu- 
lent food, particularly carrots; he may, in fine 
days, be turned into a paddock ; he must be kept 
in a clean, well-ventilated stable, free from foul 
litter and ammoniacal vapours; and he ought, 
above all things, to have regular and long-con- 
tinued exercise, and, at the same time, to be 
carefully kept from all such exertion as would, for 
even the briefest period, stimulate the action of 
the lungs.— White's Veterinary—Lawrence’s En- 
quiry into the Structure and Animal Economy of 
the Horse—Barilett’s Farriery.— Youatt on the 
Horse.—Gibson on the Diseases of the Horse. 
BROME-GRASS, — botanically Bromus. <A 
large genus of grasses, of the suborder Glycerine. 
Twelve species grow indigenously in Great Bri- 
tain; nearly forty species have been introduced 
from other countries, principally the continent of 
Kurope; nearly twenty other species have been 
described by botanists; and five species which 
were formerly included under bromus, are now 
assigned to the genera brachypodium, rostraria, 
and tricheeta. 
The rye-like species, B. secalinus, is an annual 
weed of the corn fields of England. It grows to 
the height of about two feet, and flowers from 
June till August. The name rye-like alludes to 
the form of the seeds.—The many-flowered spe- 
cies, B. multiflorus, grows wild in both England 
and Scotland; and has the same height, habits, 
and duration as the rye-like species. Each spike- 
let contains from ten to fifteen florets ; and hence 
the epithet “many-flowered.” The produce of 
this species, when in flower, upon a soil of sandy 
loam, as ascertained in the Woburn experiments, 
is 22,460 lbs. of grass per acre, and 1,754 lbs. of 
nutritive matter.—It naturally occurs, in greatest 
abundance, on poor or exhausted grass lands; and 
it forms a soft and downy herbage of a kind which 
cattle do not relish. The soft or downy species, 
B. mollis, is also an indigenous annual of Great 
Britain. It grows to the height of about two 
feet, and flowers from June till August. It 
abounds principally about walls, and on the same 
kinds of soil and land as the many-flowered spe- 
cies. Its leaves are soft and downy, and not 
relished by cattle. The produce of it per acre, 
when in flower, upon a sandy loam, is 10,890 lbs. 
of herbage, and 510 lbs. of nutritive matter,— 
The racemose, branched or smooth species, B. ra- 
cemosus, grows wild in the meadows and pastures 
of England; and has the same habits, height, and 
duration as the preceding species.—The upright 
BROME-GRASS. 
species, B. erectus, is somewhat common on the 
chalky pastures of England. It is a. perennial 
grass, grows to the height of about three feet, 
and flowers from June till August. Its produce 
per acre, when in flower, upon a rich sandy soil, 
is 12,931 lbs. of herbage, and 555 lbs. of nutritive 
matter. It has, for a considerable time, been in 
great request, for lawns upon arid soils; for it 
forms as thorough a mat or sward as rye-grass, | 
and very powerfully resists the bad effects of 
aridity. The rough species, B. squarrosus, 1s a 
perennial weed of the corn fields of England. It 
grows to the height of about three feet, and 
flowers from June till August, but it possesses no 
interest as a grass—The rough wood species, 
B. asper, is an annual weed of the moist woods, 
or moist shady places, of England. It grows to 
the height of about four feet, and flowers from 
June till August—The meadow species, B. pra- 
tensis, is a perennial weed of the corn fields of 
England, and grows to the height of about two 
feet. It is frequently confounded with the up- 
right species. 
The field species, B. arvensis, is a perennial weed 
of the corn fields of Britain, and occurs also in 
many rich pastures and meadows. Its panicle is 
compound, spreading, and drooping ; its spikelets 
are lanceolate and sharp-pointed; eight imbri- 
cated, smooth florets, with two close ribs at each 
side, constitute each spikelet; the leaves are 
hairy ; and the stem usually grows to the height 
of about three feet. Its produce per acre, when 
in flower, upon a sandy loam, is 23,821 lbs. of 
herbage, and 1,488 lbs. of nutritive matter. Yet 
though a comparatively unproductive grass, it 
possesses several recommendations to the store 
farmer: it affords a little early spring food to 
sheep; it does not strike deep root, or exhaust 
the soil ; it offers a sturdy resistance to frost ; and 
it readily, and without aid from man, propagates 
itself from its seeds.—The barren species, B. ster- 
alis, is an annual weed of rubbishy spots in Eng- 
land and Scotland, and usually attains a height 
of about two feet.—The Madrid species, B. madri- 
tensis, grows wild upon walls in Britain, and is an 
annual of about 18 inches in height.—The tall or 
giant species, L. giganteus, is ranked as a fescue- 
grass, and called Festuca gigantea, in Smith and 
Sowerby’s English Botany, and in Sinclair’s Hor- 
tus Gramineus Woburnensis ; and an agricultural 
variety of it, popularly termed the three-flowered, 
is called, in the former of these works, Festuca 
triflora. The root of this species is perennial 
and ligneously fibrous; its stem is smooth, stri- 
ated, round, naked, erect, and from two to four 
feet in height ; its leaves are enciform, dark green, 
and about 18 inches long; and its panicle nods 
at the top, and has awns somewhat flexuose, and 
longer than the husks. It flowers from June till 
August ; yet generally ripens its seed toward the 
close of July. It grows wild principally in woods, 
and partially in meadows; but it readily adapts 
itself alike to shady and to open situations, and 
