_| ment service. 
BRUISE. 
tube till it blends with the orange-yellow, while 
this, in its turn, extends downward to a blend- 
ing with the green; and the capsules which 
_ succeed the flowers are oblong, smooth, yellow, 
pendulous, and about eight inches in length. 
This remarkable plant is a native of cold and 
elevated districts in the provinces of Tarma, 
Xauxa, Huarochesi, Canta, and Humalies, and 
also between Almaquer and Pasto in New Gran- 
ada. 
been found at altitudes above sea-level of nearly 
7,000 feet. The Colombians call it Bovochevo ; 
and the Peruvians, Floripondio encarnado and 
Campanillas encarnadas. Its seeds, like those of 
stramonium, are highly narcotic. The priests of 
a famous oracle, in a temple in the city of Soga- 
moza, intoxicate themselves with these seeds, on 
the same principle on which the Pythoness at 
Delphi is said to have brought herself under an 
afflatus by inhaling gas and chewing the hydro- 
cyanous leaves of the laurel. A drink called 
Tonga is prepared by the Colombians from the 
capsules ; and this, in small doses, acts as a sopo- 
rific, but, in large doses, produces a kind of frenzy 
which can be overcome only by administering 
immediate draughts of cold water.—The Botani- 
cal Register.—The British Flower-garden.— The 
Flortus Britannicus.—Loudon’s Gardener's Maga- 
zine.—Miller’s Dictionary. 
BRUISE. An injury to an animal, occasioned 
| by the percussion or abrasion of some sharp or 
| heavy object. A recent bruise in a horse may be 
| cured principally by fomentations; but a very 
severe bruise may involve considerable inflam- 
mation, and requires poulticing, moderate bleed- 
ing, and the administration of a laxative ball. 
Blood may be let either from the vicinity of the 
bruise or from the toe. If a bruise be followed 
by abscess, and the discharge of fetid, dark-co- 
loured, purulent matter, the horse must be in- 
ternally supported by plentiful feeding with corn, 
| or, if possible, by some feeding with malt; and if 
he lose appetite, he must be drenched with good 
water gruel and strong infusion of malt, and re- 
ceive once or twice a-day a cordial ball. Such 
stimulating topical applications as. camphorated 
spirit and oil of turpentine, may also be of emi- 
If a bruise be followed by a hard 
callous swelling, an embrocation composed of $ oz. 
of camphor, 1 oz. of oil of turpentine, and 14 oz. 
of soap liniment, should be rubbed well into the 
part twice a-day; and if the swelling still con- 
tinue, a blister must be applied. The proper 
treatment of bruises in the ox is very similar to 
that of bruises in the horse. Bruises are not 
common in sheep,—the wool generally serving as 
a protection; but when they do occur, they may 
almost always be reduced by hot fomentations.— 
White, Clater, Spooner. 
BRUISING CORN. The trituration or me- 
chanical preparation of grain for the feeding of 
horses. Without disintegration, either by means 
of trituration by machinery or mastication by the 
It prefers to grow among rubbish, and has. 
BRUISING CORN. 053 
teeth, or a combination of the two processes, 
seeds taken into the stomach of animals retain 
their vitality, resist the reducing action of the 
gastric juice, withhold from the absorbents their 
alimentary principles, and pass through the canals 
of the viscera nearly in the same manner as hard 
mineral substances which cannot be organically 
assimilated. Some persons contend that, when 
grain is to be employed as food for horses, it 
ought simply to be cut or broken by the common 
millstone or with grooved rollers; and others 
contend that it ought to be so thoroughly bruised 
as to suffer entire destruction of its organic 
structure. When horses are fed partly on moist 
food, the mere breaking of the grain may be suf- 
ficient ; but when they are fed on hay and corn, 
bruising by means of plain rollers seems to be far 
preferable. When grain is completely crushed, 
it not only escapes the risk of passing through | 
the system unchanged, as always happens with a 
portion of such feeds of it as are given unbroken, 
but it readily yields to the solvent power of the | 
gastric juice, and so easily surrenders itself to 
the whole process of assimilation as to economize 
the organic efforts of the animals in reducing it. | 
Machines of various kinds are used for bruis- 
ing corn, some driven by hand, and some worked | 
by horse or steam power. Such as are driven by 
hand have the convenience of being portable ; 
but they occasion a considerable and uneconomi- 
cal expenditure of labour. 
power in connexion with the thrashing-machine, 
or, where this is not convenient, by a single 
horse power. A very simple kind of bruising- | 
machine for hand-power consists of only one rol- 
ler, with the grooves running parallel to the 
axes, and made to work against an obliquely 
grooved plate. Other kinds have been construct- 
ed with two rollers, the one having the grooves | 
running parallel, the other obliquely to the | 
axes. A good model hand-machine, in the Mu- 
seum of the Highland Society, consists of a pair 
of small cylinders, the one smooth, the other 
obliquely channelled, and the latter revolving 
with greater velocity than the former; and this 
machine prepares oats partly by bruising and | 
partly by cutting, and is also well adapted for 
Every corn-bruising | 
machine, therefore, ought to be worked by a | 
bruising beans or pease, and may, for this latter | 
purpose, be advantageously applied to horse- 
power. In all the well-working hand-power 
bruisers, the grooves are cut in the form of saw- 
teeth, having their distance between the cutting- 
edges about one-fifth of an inch, the depth of the 
grooves about one-sixteenth of an inch, and the 
obliquity of the grooves to the plane of the axes 
of the roller at an angle of about 10°. The grooves 
are so arranged that, if the rollers are laid side 
by side, the obliquity of both runs in one direc- 
tion; and hence their cutting-edges, as they work 
in the machine, look in opposite directions, and 
cross each other in every act of revolution, at an 
angle of about 20°. On the prolonged axle of the 
