BUDDING. 
buds over a plant, by removing some from parts 
where they are crowded to parts where they are 
few and distant. The operator, with the point 
of a penknife, cuts out a small bud, leaves a nar- 
row rim of bark around it, and a small attached 
portion of wood ; he makes a vacancy in the bark, 
at the place to be budded upon, of the same size 
and shape as the bud and its rim, and cuts in 
the wood a hole of the same depth as the small 
piece of wood attached to the bud; and he then 
adjusts the wood and its accompaniments exactly 
into the cavity and hole, fastens it on with a 
ligature, and covers its edges with grafting-wax. 
Escutcheon budding with wood under the bark, 
is the method most generally practised in Euro- 
pean nurseries, and serves the purposes of pro- 
pagation in nearly the same manner as grafting. 
| The operator, with a grafting knife, makes a deep 
and transverse incision above a healthy and vig- 
orous bud; he withdraws the knife, and so reap- 
plies it as to bring away a strip of bark, three or 
four lines broad, an inch or an inch and a half 
long, terminating in a point at the bottom, and 
having the eye of the bud situated about third 
| way from the top; he cautiously removes the 
| stipules, prickles, or appendages of any other 
kind which may happen to accompany the peti- 
_ole; he, with the point of the grafting-knife, 
takes away so much of the adhering wood of the 
_ bud or escutcheon as to leave only a small piece 
immediately under the eye; he next makes an in- 
cision in the bark of the stem to be budded, and, 
| by means of an ivory blade, separates, to the re- 
quisite distance, the adjoining part of the bark 
from the wood; he inserts in this the prepared 
bud or escutcheon, and gently pushes it down- 
ward into exact adjustment beneath the separated 
bark; and, as in the preceding methods, he fin- 
ishes by fixing with a ligature, and covering with 
grafting-wax. 
Escutcheon budding with a growing bud, is 
performed in the same manner, and with the 
same specific object as the preceding method, ex- 
cept that the bud selected is in a pushing or de- 
veloping condition, that, as soon as the escut- 
cheon is inserted, the head of the stock is cut 
off, and that, afterwards, all buds upon the stem, 
additional to that of the escutcheon, are rubbed 
off the instant they appear. This method, when 
practised in the spring, forces the bud into im- 
mediate development, and in consequence saves 
a year in the growth of its shoot. Yetif it be 
not dexterously and very nicely performed, so as to 
effect an almost instant organic union between the 
tissues of the escutcheon and those of the stem, 
the sap of the plant, having no outlet by either 
the bud of the escutcheon or its own proper buds, 
accumulates in the interior tissues, gorges them 
| to repletion, and chokes them to death. When 
this method is practised later than July, the young 
shoot of the escutcheon is almost always killed 
with the frosts of winter, and, in very many in- 
stances occasions the death of the stock. 
—_—__ 
Escutcheon budding with a dormant bud, is 
the method generally practised in the nurseries | 
of Great Britain. It is the same in manipulation, | 
or art of execution, as the preceding method ; but 
it is performed in August, an escutcheon with | 
the most embryo kind of bud is used, and, in 
order to prevent the development of the bud till 
next year, nothing is cut away from the stock 
till the following spring. Though longer in tak- 
ing effect than the preceding, it is more certain | 
of success; and when it fails, it does not injure | 
the stock. . 
Escutcheon budding without the wood, is quite | 
the same in both process and object as the pre- 
ceding methods, except that no more of the at- 
tached wood of the escutcheon is suffered to re- 
main than a mere speck immediately beneath 
the eye. Theadhering wood is removed by hold- 
ing the escutcheon firmly between the finger and 
the thumb of the left hand, and applying the 
knife with a jerk of the right hand. This me- | 
thod can be practised with either the growing | 
bud or the dormant bud; and it is peculiarly 
suitable for orange-trees, and for all shrubs and 
trees with hard timber, such as hollies, myrtles, 
and all analogous species, whether indigenous or 
exotic, 
Escutcheon budding with pincers, is practised _ 
with old trees, whose thick, rugged, and broken | 
bark is not manageable by the ordinary methods. 
The operator, with a pair of pincers made for the | 
purpose, or with the blade of a grafting-knife, | 
takes off a plate of bark, having a vigorous shoot 
in its centre; he pares its edges into a smooth | 
outline and precise shape; he, with the pincers, 
removes from the stock to be budded upon a plate 
of bark slightly less than that of the escutcheon, 
and pares the consequent cavity into exact shape | 
and adaptation for the reception of the escut- 
cheon; and he then adjusts, fastens, and cements | 
in the same manner as in the other methods, 
Escutcheon budding with the eye turned | 
downward, is practised upon fruit-trees with the | 
design of so accumulating or stagnating their sap 
as to occasion an enlargement of their fruit. | 
The escutcheon is so cut and adjusted, that, 
whether the incision inthe stock be made in the 
usual manner or like an inverted J, the point of 
the eye is turned downward. ‘The shoot, in con- 
sequence, commences its growth in the opposite 
to the natural direction; but it soon assumes its | 
proper position, and renders the design of this pe- | 
culiar method of budding altogether nugatory. 
Reversed escutcheon grafting, is the principal — 
method practised in the south of Europe for mul- | 
tiplying orange-trees, and is suitable for the pro- — 
pagation of all trees which abound in gummy 
sap. The escutcheon is cut in the form of an 
acute triangle, with the apex or point above the | 
bud; the incision in the stock is made in the | 
form of an inverted J,, or with the transverse cut 
below and the longitudinal one above; and the 
fixation of the escutcheon, as in other methods, 
BS || 
