570 
is effected by ligature and wax. Yet under the 
coolness and moisture of the ordinary climate of 
Great Britain, the wax may be dispensed with in 
both this method and the three or four preceding 
ones. 
The budding of resinous trees, is adapted to 
trees which have resinous Juices or which abound 
in gummy sap. An incision in the form of a 
T, as if for an ordinary bud, is made in the bark. 
of the stock; a double incision is then made 
obliquely, and to the depth of nearly a line, 
about two lines or two lines and a half from the 
upper part of the T, and the escutcheon is pre- 
pared and adjusted in the ordinary methods. 
Covered budding is an intricate and compli- 
cated method characterized by extreme precau- 
tion against failure, and adapted to the case of 
rare and delicate trees. The escutcheon is pre- 
pared and inserted in the usual manner; it is 
cautiously and gently fixed with merely a cover- 
ing of grafting-wax round its lines of junction, 
and without the use of any ligature; a piece of 
bark from another tree is pierced with a hole 
through its centre, and so adjusted over the es- 
cutcheon as to cover the whole of it except the 
bud, and to let the latter peer through the 
hole; and ligatures are tied over the bark, above 
and below the bud, to hold all firm. 
Budding with a square escutcheon was, at one 
time, commonly and successfully practised; but 
it is a tedious method, and has passed generally 
into disuse. A transverse incision, four or five 
lines in length, is made in the stock ; two longi- 
tudinal incisions, parallel to each other, and four 
or five lines in length, are made downward from 
the ends of the transverse one; and the square 
of intermediate bark is raised and folded down. 
A square escutcheon, with a good bud in its cen- 
tre, is provided, and fitted precisely into the bared 
part of the stock; the plate of bark, which was 
hanging down, is so raised over the escutcheon 
as to cover it up to the eye; and the graft- 
ing-wax and ligature are applied as in other 
methods. 
Escutcheon budding with a portion of terminal 
buds, is peculiarly adapted to such rare trees as 
have scaly buds and opposite branches. A piece, 
six or eight lines in length, of the top of a ter- 
minally budding branch, is so split in two as to 
divide the terminal bud exactly through the 
middle; and an incision in the form of a T is 
made in the stock, and the half-bud inserted and 
adjusted in the usual manner. The growing 
bud is always far preferable to the dormant one 
for this method; and, when great economy of 
the means of propagation is desirable, the ter- 
minal bud may be split into four, so as to make 
four buddings. 
Annular flute budding is peculiarly suitable 
for the propagation of walnut trees, and of all 
rare trees with hard wood, such as the American 
oaks and chestnuts. A ring of bark with a bud 
en it is made on a branch of the tree to be pro- 
BUDDING. 
pagated exactly as thick as the intended stock, 
and this ring is detached by being once split or 
cut perpendicularly, and then raised all round 
with the spatula-like handle of the budding- 
knife. A ring of bark of precisely the same 
breadth, either with or without a bud, is de- 
tached from the stock. The ring hon the 
branch is precisely adjusted to the vacant belt 
round the stock, and made tight with grafting- 
wax or grafting-clay; and neither the head nor 
the branches of the stock are cut away till the 
budding belt has become united to the wood. 
This method is most suitably practised either at 
the time of the greatest movement of the sap in 
spring, or at the end of the greatest movement 
in August. One great recommendation of it is, 
that it never mutilates the stock ; for where the 
budding belt fails, the natural growth of the 
stock’s bark heals the whole of the wound, and 
forms a new cortical surface. A slight modifica- 
tion of it, called split flute budding, is most fre- . 
quently necessary ; but this differs from annular 
flute budding only in the budding-ring of bark 
being taken from a branch somewhat thicker 
than the graft-stock, and in a longitudinal stripe 
being cut from it to make it exactly fit. 
Tube budding, or flute budding by close con- 
tact, is principally practised in the south of 
France for propagating walnuts, chestnuts, figs, 
mulberries, and other trees which have a thick 
bark and an abundant pith. The head of the 
stock is cut off, and a tube or unsplit belt of 
bark, two or three inches in breadth, is removed. 
A shoot or branch of the tree to be propagated 
is cut through at a part of precisely the same 
thickness as the cut part of the stock, and hav- 
ing immediately below it two or three good buds; 
a tube, containing these buds, and not so broad 
as the tube from the stock, is removed from the 
branch; this tube is placed upon the stock in 
the room of the one taken away, and is made to 
fit'exactly, all round, to the edge of the remain- 
ing bark; and the part of the stock which pro- 
jects over it is split into shreds, folded over the 
bud-tube, and made fast in that Position with a 
covering of grafting-clay. 
Common flute budding is very Benevally prac- 
tised both in France and in Germany. ‘The 
head of the stock is cut off, as in the preceding 
method; but the portion of bark which, in that 
method, would be removed in the form of a tube, 
is, in this method, cut downward into four or 
five longitudinal stripes, which are turned down, 
and left attached to the tree. A tube with buds 
is provided and adjusted exactly as in the pre- 
ceding method, except that it is so broad as to 
fit nearly up to the top of the decorticated part 
of the stock. The stripes of bark which were 
turned down on the stock are raised over the 
bud-tube, and fastened with a ligature at the 
top.—Another method, called flute budding in 
shreds, with the stock cut obliquely, is closely 
similar to the two preceding methods. 
