BURNET-SAXIFRAGE. 
Loudon. — Mawe.— Mills Husbandry.— Young’s 
Farmer's Calendar.— Lowe's Agriculture.—Doyle’s 
Husbandry.— British Husbandry.—Society of Gen- 
tlemen’s Complete Farmer. 
BURNET -SAXIFRAGE, — botanically Pum- 
pinella. A genus of hardy, herbaceous plants, of 
the umbelliferous family. Three perennial-rooted 
species grow indigenously in England; six per- 
ennial-rooted species have been introduced from 
various parts of Europe; and one biennial spe- 
cies, the round-leaved, has been introduced from 
the Caucasian mountains. The great species, 
Pimpinella magna, grows naturally in woods, and 
on the sides of banks near hedges in several 
parts of England. Its stems ramify into four or 
| five branches; its lowest leaves consist each 
| of three pairs of heart-shaped leaflets, and a ter- 
minating odd one,—the leaflets sharply sawed, 
and sitting close to the midrib; the leaves of the 
lower part of the stems are similar in shape to 
| the preceding but smaller; the leaves of the 
branches are trifid and short; and its flowers 
have a white colour, are produced in small com- 
pound umbels at: the ends of the branches, and 
bloom from June till August. A seminal variety 
of this species, with red flowers, frequently rises 
| in mixture with the normal plant ; and a perma- 
nent variety with cut leaves, P. m. dissecta, was 
| introduced about forty-five years ago from conti- 
| nental EKurope.—The saxifrage species, Pimpr- 
nella saxifraga, grows naturally on dry pastures in 
many parts of Great Britain. Its stems are 
| nearly a foot in height, and send out three or 
| four slender branches; its lower leaves consist 
each of four pairs of roundish leaflets and a ter- 
minating odd one; and its umbels, flowers, and 
|| seeds are smaller than those of the preceding 
|| species.—The cut-leaved species, Pimpinella dis- 
secta, grows naturally in dry gravelly pastures in 
several parts of England. Its stems are slender 
and about fifteen inches in height ; its branches 
are small, and have a narrow trifid leaf at each 
joint ; its lower leaves consist each of five or six 
pairs of very deeply cut leaflets, and a terminat- 
ing odd one; and its umbels of white flowers are 
small, and consist of several rays standing upon 
pretty long footstalks. 
BURNING OF HEATH. See Hearn. 
BURNING OF LAND. See Parine and Burn- 
ING. 
BURNING OF LIME. See Lime. 
BURNS. Excoriations and inflamed wounds 
inflicted upon animals by fire. They should be 
frequently and very gently washed with a mix- 
ture of equal parts of lime-water and linseed oil. 
BURNT-CLAY. See Asuns and Burnt-Hartu. 
BURNT-EAR. See Branp and Smor. 
BURNT-EARTH. Calcined and incinerated 
coarse soil. It is frequently confounded with 
burnt clay; but may, in every case, be readily 
distinguished by its containing the ashes of ves 
getable matter. The burning of clay is mere 
calcination; while the burning of earth, in the 
BUR-TREE. 
technical sense of the phrase, is both calcination 
and incineration. 
ure, and made the subject of valuation, it is al- 
lowed for according to the quality of the consti- 
tutional ingredients, the mode of burning, and 
the cost of labour and fuel; but, in a general or 
average view, “full tillage is allowed when ap- 
plied on fallow or turnips, and if valued before 
producing a crop,—and half tillage after one 
corn crop,—and after two crops, the valuation 
ceases.’ —Bayldon on Rents and Tillages. 
BUR- PARSLEY, —botanically Caucalis. A 
genus of herbaceous plants, of the umbelliferous 
tribe. The broad-leaved species, Cawcalis latifo- 
lia, is an annual weed of the chalk districts of 
England, and one of the most remarkable and 
handsome plants of the genus. Its stem is 
branched, usually about three feet in height, and 
armed with small ascending prickles; its leaves 
are rough, yet somewhat glaucous; its flowers 
have a bright reddish pink colour, are inversely 
heart-shaped, and appear in July and August; 
and its fruit is armed with double rows of pur- 
plish, straight, rough bristles——The carrot-like 
species, Caucalis daucoides, is also an annual weed 
of the chalk fields of England. Its root is small 
and tapering; its stem is branching, bushy, and 
about 18 inches high; its leaves are nearly 
smooth ; its flowers are red, and appear in June; 
and its fruit is oblong, large, and very hairy.— 
Both of these species are mere weeds, unfit for 
conversion to any other useful purpose than 
manure, and requiring to be pulled up before 
they form their seed. Several hardy exotic annual 
species have at various times been introduced 
from the shores of the Mediterranean and the 
mountains of Caucasus; but they possess nei- 
ther beauty nor utility. 
BUR-REED,—botanically Sparganium. A ge- 
nus of perennial, aquatic, reedy plants, of the 
cat’s-tail tribe. The floating species, Spargani- 
um natans, inhabits the fens of England; the al- 
pine species, S. alpinum, the pools and ditches of | 
the Scottish mountains; the simple species, 8. 
semplex, the stagnant waters of Britain; and the 
branchy species, S. ramosum, the ponds and 
ditches of Britain. The first and the second are 
floating plants; and the third and fourth usually 
grow to the height of respectively 20 and 25 
inches. All are monecious, creeping-rooted, 
and smooth, and produce apetalous flowers in 
July. The herbage of the branchy species is 
softer and more pliant than that of most of the 
reedy plants, and serves well, in combination 
with some of them, for the purposes of package. 
A strong decoction of the unripe fruit is very 
astringent, and has been recommended as a wash 
for old ulcers. 
BURROW. A heap or small artificial mound. — 
“ Peat-burrows” and “stone-burrows” are famil- 
iar applications of the word. 
BUR-TREE, or Bor-Tres. The elder tree. 
O81 
See the article Parine AND | 
Burning. When burnt earth is appliedasa man- | 
