614 CAJANUS. 
which gave rise to its construction, Gen. xxxi. 
46; Josh. iv. 5. The durability of the substances 
of which these monuments were composed, re- 
commended them as memorials to more polished 
ages, and the splendid pillar and stupendous py- 
ramid are only improvements and extensions of 
this simple structure. The Israelites raised a great 
heap of stones on the body of Achan, as a monu- 
ment of perpetual infamy, Josh. vil. 26; and they 
also raised a heap of stones to celebrate their 
miraculous passage over the river Jordan. In 
the same manner, cairns are sometimes raised in 
Scotland to this day, in places where murders or 
suicides are committed; and there can be no 
doubt that many of the ancient cairns are de- 
signed to celebrate events of more propitious 
omen. 
As religion, however, even in the rudest states 
of society, has always deeply interested the feel- 
ings of men, we may naturally expect numerous 
monuments relating to this important subject. 
Connected with religion is the sepulture of the 
dead, an object of great importance in the esti- 
mation both of civilized and barbarous nations ; 
and there can be no doubt that the cairns in 
Britain and Ireland have often been consecrated 
to both these purposes. Some antiquarians have 
supposed the cairns to be relics of Druidical su- 
perstition, and originally dedicated to the wor- 
ship of the Sun; whilst others have contended 
that they are to be considered merely as funeral 
monuments. ‘The first opinion derives some sup- 
port from a practice common in former times, of 
going round these cairns at particular periods, 
according to the course of the sun, when a fa- 
vourable issue was desired to any event or under- 
taking; and of moving in an opposite direction 
when vengeance and imprecations were denounc- 
ed against obnoxious individuals. The second 
opinion derives confirmation from the circum- 
stance of urns and bones being generally found 
under these monuments. But the two opinions 
are not at all inconsistent. The place consecrated 
to religious uses would naturally be considered 
as the most proper receptacle for the sacred re- 
liques of the dead ; whilst, on the other hand, the 
feelings which arise from contemplating the re- 
mains of our relations and friends, dispose the 
mind to devotion, and fit the place which con- 
tains them for the hallowed purposes of religion. 
CAJANUS. A small genus of tender culinary 
plants, of the French-bean division of the legu- 
minous tribe. The plants, according to circum- 
stances, are annual, biennial, or slightly peren- 
nial; they have a height of from 18 inches to 4 
feet; they bloom in July and August; and they 
are cultivated for the sake of their seeds in both 
the East and the West Indies. Only two species 
are known, ©. bccolor and C. fiavus,; and the for- 
mer was called Cytisus pseudo-cajan by Jacquin, 
and the latter Oytisus cajan by Linnzeus. The 
one species has its flowers streaked with crimson, 
and its pods marbled with dark streaks, and. con- | 
CAJEPUT. 
taining each four or five seeds; and the other has 
its flowers wholly yellow, and its pods quite un- 
spotted, and containing each two or three seeds. 
Both species are called Pigeon-Pea in the Kast In- 
dies; and the two are called respectively Cougo- 
Pea and No-eye Pea in the West Indies. Dr. 
MacFadyen, in his ‘ Flora of Jamaica,’ says, “ The 
general appearance of both is very much alike ; 
and they can scarcely, previous to flowering, be 
distinguished from one another, except that the 
leaves of C. flavus are rather smaller and finer to 
the touch. Of these two species, the No-eye pea 
is the most delicate, being in the green state very 
little inferior to the English pea, and, when dried | 
and the cuticle removed, equal to the split peas 
we receive from Europe. The other species is 
coarser, and made use of principally by the ne- 
groes, and requires in the dried state a tedious 
boiling process before the seeds can be softened. 
From the two species being frequently, through 
carelessness, planted close to one another, we | 
may occasionally meet with hybrid varieties. 
When once established, they stand for several 
years. The leaves are annually shed, and are re- 
produced with the flowers in the early months of 
summer: the cropis gathered during the months 
of autumn. No particular care or trouble is re- 
quired in the cultivation of these shrubs; and 
they thrive in the poorest land. They are said, 
indeed, to improve the ground on which they 
grow, by the decay of the leaves, which are an- 
nually shed in great profusion. There are very 
few tropical plants, indeed, so valuable. 
and mountain declivity, as well as in the more 
fertile and seasonable districts.” 
They | 
are to be found round every cottage in the island, | 
growing luxuriantly in the parched savannah | 
Though much | 
a 
too tender for British field culture, they might | 
probably be found well worthy of introduction | 
into several of the British colonies where they 
are at present unknown. 
CAJEPUT (O1n or). A volatile oil, obtained 
by distillation from the leaves of two species of 
evergreen myrtaceous trees, of the genus mela- 
leuca. Both species usually grow to the height 
of about 15 feet, and have an ornamental appear- 
ance, and were introduced about half a century 
ago to the hothouses of Britain. They are na- 
tives of the islands of Amboyna, Java, amd Bor- 
neo, and bear the specific names of lewcadendron 
and cajuputt, both signifying “a white tree,” the 
former in the Greek language, and the latter in 
the Malay. Their bark is pale, rough, and la- 
mellated; their leaves are alternate, lanceolate, 
entire, smooth, firm, fragile, of a pale yellowish 
green colour, agreeable in fragrance, and about 
three inches long; their flowers are white and 
sessile, and have minute ovate bracts; and their 
fruit is a three-celled capsule, containing many 
small, oblong, angular seeds. The oil is obtained 
by distillation from the fermented leaves; but it 
is procurable in very small quantity, and bears a 
high price. When newly drawn, it is limpid, 
