———s = a 
| still practise it. 
| to graze. 
intended to breed, and hitherto neglected, ought now 
638 
In the early part of June, the wasp and several 
species of butterfly appear, the fly-catcher and sedge- 
sparrow are seen, and a considerable proportion of 
bees swarm; in the middle parts of the month, more 
bees swarm, and the forest-fly, the burnet-moth, and 
numerous other flies and moths, as well as beetles 
_and butterflies, appear; and in the latter part of the 
month, dragon-flies appear, insects are exceedingly 
numerous, and a considerable proportion of singing- 
birds drop into silence and retire to the woods. 
‘The melody of the feathered songsters may be 
still heard, but it will soon cease. A few solitary 
birds only will sing among the verdant branches, or 
warble through the fervid atmosphere. The music 
of birds was the first song of thanksgiving which was 
offered on earth before man was ‘ formed;’ and it 
continues to charm the ear and delight the soul of 
man, though he is fallen and degraded. Old Isaac 
Walton observes, with equal truth and beauty, ‘ He 
that at midnight, when the weary labourer sleeps se- 
curely, should hear, as I have often done, the clear 
_ airs, the sweet descants, the natural rising and fall- 
ing, the doubling and redoubling of the nightingale’s 
voice, might well be lifted above earth, and say,— 
Lord, what music hast thou provided for the saints 
in heaven, when thou affordest bad men such music 
upon earth.’ ” 
The Farm.—Throughout June, all kinds of sheep 
| are depastured within enclosed fields or on sheep- 
walks, and, as regards their mere feeding, are very 
easily managed. But about the beginning of the 
month, they must be washed; about eight days after, 
| they must be shorn; and, in every part of the month, 
they must be watched and protected against the at- 
tacks of the fly. All sheep within enclosures, and 
especially in woodland districts, ought to be ex- 
| amined every day, lest they be fly-struck; for if 
such as are struck be not speedily dealt with, they 
may, in twenty-four hours, be past cure. June is 
an excellent period for sheep-folding, with those who 
Sheep-stock intended for fattening, 
such, for example, as wethers bought in April or 
May, and designed to be sold fat from turnips or 
cabbages in the following winter, ought at present to 
be well kept. Throughout June, all cows and steers 
may be kept entirely upon pastures; or they may, to 
any degree a farmer chooses, be soiled. Even the 
latest calves should now be weaned, and turned out 
All cows and heifers, and also all mares, 
to be brought to the male. In the early part of the 
month, horses should continue to receive green food ; 
and towards the middle of it, they may be left, 
| throughout the night, in a pasture field. 
The thorough and completing tillage of the land 
for turnips ought, with all speed and care, to be per- 
formed; and yellow and white turnips—and pre- 
viously Swedish turnips, if not sown in the latter 
part of last month—must now be sown.’ Turnip 
crops sown later than June, even in the most genial 
districts of England, seldom attain full size ; and 
multitudes of experienced farmers have a notion that 
the turnip season lasts exactly a month, and is very 
nearly coextensive with June. When Swedish tur- 
nips have been sown in May, a second or even a third 
sowing may, if the farmer chooses, be made in June. 
Cabbages may now be planted in drills, either on 
land prepared for themselves, or in fields or parts of 
fields, on which the sowings of Swedish turnips fail ; 
cabbages planted in April, and hand-boed or horse- 
hoed in May, should now receive another hoeing ; 
and cabbages drill-sown in April, in situations whence 
they are not to be transplanted, ought, in June, to 
be carefully thinned to proper distances, and the tops 
of their ridges well hand-hoed, and the intervals 
skimmed, that they may be gradually reduced to a 
state of fine pulverization. Potatoes ought, in this 
CALENDAR. 
month, to receive so thorough a hoeing as not to 
need another. Madder must receive a cautious hoe- 
ing in some part of the month; and carrots may re- 
quire one toward the end. Lucerne must be attend- 
ed to; flax must be weeded; liquorice must be hoed; 
and hops must be operosely cultivated. Toward the | 
end of the month, sainfoin, clover, irrigated mea- 
dows, and some rich dry meadows, may be ready 
for mowing. At the precise time in the month, 
when the plants are just ceasing to bloom, buck- 
wheat, vetches, or other similar green crop grown 
for green manure, ought to be ploughed in. During 
the month, drilled crops of beans and pease ought to 
receive at least one hoeing; bare fallows, whether 
for wheat or for barley, ought to undergo a stirring ; 
flax-crops should be cautiously hand-weeded; all 
crops of corn, when necessary, ought be hand-weeded ; 
and all hedges, field-borders, road-sides, and other 
harbourages for seeding weeds, ought to be swept 
of their rank vegetation. Rape or cole, when in- 
tended for sheep feed, may be sown at any time in 
either June or July. Many operations of an im- 
proving, a general, or a miscellaneous kind, may 
most advantageously be performed in June,—parti- 
cularly the digging of marl, clay, and chalk, the 
emptying of ponds, the cleansing of streams, paring 
and burning, the planting of holly hedges, the warp- 
ing of low alluvial grounds, the burning, carting, and 
spreading of lime, the burning of dry weeds for 
manure, and the improving of moors and moun- 
tains. 
The Kitchen Garden.— The produce of the natural | 
ground of the kitchen garden available for use in 
June comprises cabbages, cauliflower, turnips, beet, 
beans, pease, carrots, radishes, artichokes, lettuces, 
leeks, onions, chives, cress, water-cress, eschalots, 
asparagus, thyme, balm, tansy, celery, chervil, mus- 
tard, mint, burnet, basil, marjoram, parsley, sorrel, 
purslane, spinach, borage, fennel, horse-radish, mari- 
gold, and savory; and that of hotbeds and other | 
forcing appliances consists principally of melons, | 
cucumbers, kidney-beans, and mushrooms.—In June 
sow radishes, mustard, cresses, rape, turnips, kidney- 
beans, pease, beans, cabbages, borecoles, spinach, 
and cucumbers; thin and weed turnips, carrots, beet, 
parsnips, onions, borecoles, salsafy, skirret, parsley, 
and scorzonera; transplant lettuces, cauliflowers, 
broccoli, leeks, savoys, cabbages, borecoles, hyssop, 
savory, marjoram, thyme, basil, cardoons, love- 
apples, capsicums, and pickling cucumbers; trans- 
plant for blanching celery and endive; select fine early, 
large-headed cauliflower plants for running to seed; 
gather shoots of asparagus, flowers of chamomile, 
and plants of balm, mint, and other aromatic herbs; 
give full scope to melons growing under bell-glasses, 
and occasionally shade melons growing in frames. 
The Fruit Garden.—The home-grown fruit avail- 
able for use in June comprises, in various conditions, © 
walnuts, almonds, apples, pears, cherries, straw- 
berries, gooseberries, currants, apricots, peaches and 
nectarines,—most either from last year for baking, or 
young and green of the present year for tarts.—In 
June complete the dressing of peach-trees, apricot- 
trees, and nectarine-trees; thin wall-fruit, and apply 
the thinnings to tarts; regulate the strong shoots of 
pear-trees, plum-trees, apple-trees, and other fruit- 
trees on walls and espaliers; render secure any 
recently planted standard fruit-trees which appear 
to have loose hold of the soil; reduce to order the 
straggling and matting growths of vines on walls; 
water blossoming and fructifying strawberry planta- 
tions, and remove to a nursery bed a good stock of 
young strawberry plants for intended new planta- 
tions; protect cherries from birds; begin to propa- 
gate peaches, apricots, and nectarines by budding; 
support the most vigorous growths of last year’s 
buddings, destroy snails, grubs, and caterpillars, 
