beautifully fruiting ornamental shrubs always adorn 
it with their fruits,’ several most handsome hardy 
shrubs and herbaceous perennials always adorn it 
with their flowers, and, in some years, many scores 
of species of the most brilliant and showy hardy 
flowers of autumn continue to bloom till near its 
close,—and afew quite past its elose,—while several 
of the sweetest flowering-plants of spring lend to it 
by anticipation a considerable portion of their bloom. 
We observed, on the 22d of November, 1844, in the 
open ground of a small cottage garden, so far north 
as the border of the Scottish highlands, no fewer 
than about fifty select species in flower, including 
some of the most brilliant dahlias, and some of the 
choicest and most tender kinds of such genera as 
pentstemon, verbena, and alonsoa. Among the most 
frequent and conspicuous floral ornaments of the open 
ground in November, are, in the shrubbery, arbutus, 
laurustinus, roses, china-roses, passion-flower, honey- 
suckle, and evergreen cytisus; and, in the parterre, 
dahlias, golden-rods, Indian chrysanthemums, asters, 
china-asters, colebicums, anemones, daisies, violets, 
stocks, wallflowers, auriculas, primroses, and poly- 
anthuses. 
In the early part of November, the golden plover 
appears, and the buck emits his peculiar cry; in the 
middle part of the month, snails and slugs disappear 
from yiew, and commence their hybernation; and in 
the latter part of the month, greenfinches congregate, 
and the winter moth and the common flat-body moth 
make their appearance. In the course of the month, 
| the widgeon, the stock-dove, and some other birds, 
including the golden plover, appear; the migratory 
birds which contributed a quota of cheerfulness to 
our summer are no longer to be seen, and their suc- 
cessors are fewer in number, less mirthful, and more 
shy and’seclusive; the frog sinks to the bottom of 
ponds and ditehes, and buries itself in the mud; the 
lizard, the badger, and the hedgehog creep into holes 
in the earth and into similar other retreats, there to 
lie torpid till spring; the dormouse sinks into a win- 
ter slumber; squirrels, rats, and field-mice shut 
themselves up with their winter stores; and bats re- 
tire into old barns, caves, and deserted buildings, and 
there suspend themselves by their hind feet, and 
wrap themselves in the membranes of their fore-feet, 
either to pass the whole winter in one uninterrupted 
sleep, or to experienee a temporary awaking only 
during some interval of unusally mild weather. 
The Farm.—The young ewes and wethers of last 
spring’s lambing must continue, throughout Novem- 
ber, to be penned on turnips; and their pens, when 
necessary, must be shifted. Lean stock sheep may 
still be kept on the remains of the summer grass, and on 
the sheep walks; but all fattening and fat sheep must 
be kept on turnips, or cabbages, or similar food, and 
ought to receive as much as they can possibly eat, 
yet without being allowed to occasion any waste. 
Rams and breeding ewes ought to continue to herd 
together upon pastures till about the middle of the 
month; but, at that period, the rams should be 
withdrawn. All black cattle continue, throughout 
November, in their respective yards; and such of 
them as are designed to be fattened, ought to be fed 
at least on turnips, cabbages, or potatoes, and, if 
possible, on carrots, or, best of all, on parsnips. 
Horses continue, through the early part of Novem- 
ber, to receive full allowance of hay and corn; but, 
very generally, they begin, before the middle of the 
month, to have little work, and to suffer a total 
withdrawal of their hay, and a great diminution in 
their allowance of corn. Yet, with thoroughly good 
farmers, horses ought, even at this season, to be fully 
employed, and constantly well fed. <‘‘ There are,” 
remarks Arthur Young, ‘‘many works for horse- 
| labour that may be executed in this month after 
ploughing is finished; on light dry soils, the marl, 
CALENDAR. 
645 
chalk, or clay carts should not stop; they may work 
from the first day to the last; and in wetter soils, 
you may cart any sort of manure on to grass lands, 
provided you use small carts.” About the beginning 
of the month, colts should be put into a yard, or into 
a paddock provided with a shed, and should be fed 
on straw and succulent roots, such as potatoes or 
turnips. Swine and poultry should be fed and treated 
as in preceding months. 
The labours of the barn for the supply of fodder 
and litter to the farm-yard must be so continued as 
to render the supply ample and regular. The plough- 
ing of stubble land for fallow-crops or for bare fallow 
must proceed according to the circumstances of suit- 
able weather and practicable character and condition 
of the soil. The carting home of turnips must be 
sufficiently frequent or ample to afford a full supply 
for the uses of the farm-yard ; and, in general—though 
this rule must be modified by certain conditions of 
either soil, crop, stock, or point of rotation—every 
two or three alternate drills of the turnips should be 
taken up and carted home, and the remainder left 
upon the ground for the penning of sheep. Novem- 
ber is the first suitable month for hedging and ditch- 
ing; and the whole of it, when the state of the 
weather permits may be employed in operations upon 
the live fence, in ditcher-work, in draining, and in 
all sorts of farm labour with the pick-axe and the 
spade. The borders of fields should now be thor- 
oughly cleaned from thorns, brambles, thistles, and 
other kinds of rubbishy and mischievous vegetation ; 
the winter-watering of meadows may now be com- | 
menced; stone-fences and other dry stone walls may 
be built ; mineral manures, such as marl, chalk, clay, 
and ditch-earth, may be carted; ant-hills on pasture 
fields should be destroyed; water-furrows which re- 
tain stagnant water should be cleansed; the vastly 
important, heavy, and operose work of hollow drain- 
ing, in all its methods and departments, may be per- 
formed ; the work of wood-cutting ought to be com- 
menced; the carting home of sufficient supplies of fuel | 
ought to be attended to; and fish- ponds, when 
thought desirable, may now be formed. ‘Toward 
the end of the month, the hardy hog-pea may be 
sown on such dry soils as are susceptible of good 
winter tilth. 
The Kitchen Garden.—The produce of the hot- 
beds of the kitchen garden available for use in No- 
vember, comprises asparagus, mushreoms, mint, and 
lettuces; and that of the natural ground comprises 
turnips, potatoes, carrots, parsnips, beet, borecoles, 
cabbages, cabbage-sprouts, savoys, horse-radish, gar- | 
lic, onions, leeks, rocambole, eschalots, salsafy, rad- 
ishes, scorzonera, cauliflower, broccoli, celery, mar- 
joram, lettuces, artichokes, water-cresses, thyme, 
cardoons, savory, chervil, endive, parsley, spinach, 
sorrel, salsafy, pease, and skirrets.—In November, 
sow pease, beans, radishes, carrots, and small salad 
herbs; give lettuce and caulifiower plants in frames 
as much air as can compert with their perfect pro- 
tection from frost; tie up large endive plants in 
dry weather, to blanch; hoe cabbage and borecole 
grounds; earth up the last of the advancing car- 
doons; plentifully cover sea-kale with sea-weeds or 
with other suitable covering; commence the forcing || 
and blanching of sea-kale ; prune, earth up, and other- 
wise winter-dress artichokes; take up carrots, pars- 
nips, beets, and other similar roots, and store them 
in sand; clean the rising crops of winter onions from 
weeds; make hotbeds for asparagus; and manure, 
top-dress, dig, and trench all vacant spaces of the 
kitchen garden. 
The Fruit Garden.—The home-grown fruit avail- 
able for use in November comprises apples, pears, 
walnuts, chestnuts, filberts, hazel-nuts, almonds, 
strawberries, medlars, twice - bearing raspberries, 
plums, quinces, services, mat-preserved currants, 
